Nearly 1000 cases of Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS) has been reported by June 2024, in Japan. This infection has drawn most attention after COVID 19.According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), flesh eating bacteria are Group A Streptococcus(GAS) bacteria, mostly found in the throat, that usually cause sore throat and skin infections.STSS is caused when the GAS bacteria enters the body areas where bacteria are rarely found such as deep muscles and blood.Who is at risk of getting STSS?- People who are above age 65- Who recently had surgery- Who have had chickenpox, shingles, recently- Who has diabetes, and open wounds or sores- And people who drink alcohol regularlyWhat are symptoms of STSS?It starts with fever, chills, rashes, muscle pain, nausea and vomiting.It usually gets well initially and then causes acute illness which leads to low blood pressure in 24-48 hours and organ failure with increased heart rate.How is STSS treated?STSS is treated with antibiotics and intravenous fluids and other treatment options for organ failure and surgery to remove infected tissue.Source:-1. Davies H. D. (2001). Flesh-eating disease: A note on necrotizing fasciitis. The Canadian journal of infectious diseases = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses, 12(3), 136–140. https://doi.org/10.1155/2001/8571952. Dennis L. Stevens, The Flesh-Eating Bacterium: What's Next?, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 179, Issue Supplement_2, March 1999, Pages S366–S374, https://doi.org/10.1086/513851Disclaimer:-This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment. Do not ignore or delay professional medical advice based on anything you have seen or read on Medwiki.Find us at:https://www.instagram.com/medwiki_/?h..https://twitter.com/medwiki_inchttps://www.facebook.com/medwiki.co.in/

Typhoid fever is a serious illness caused by a bacteria called Salmonella typhi. When these bacteria enter the body, they are swallowed and taken up by cells in the gut. These cells then pass the bacteria to other immune cells in the gut lining. The bacteria use fimbriae(hair like structure) to stick to the gut wall, helping them to grow and cause infection.The bacteria have certain traits that make them harmful. For example, they produce a substance called Vi antigen that helps them avoid being eaten by immune cells. They also have flagella that allow them to move around and attach to the gut lining. These traits help the bacteria invade the body and cause disease.Typhoid fever usually starts with stomach problems and then progresses to a high fever, headache, and belly pain. In severe cases, it can lead to serious complications like blood infections, heart problems, pneumonia, and infections in other organs. Some people who get typhoid fever can become carriers of the bacteria even after they recover, spreading the infection without showing symptoms.Watch our next video to know about ”Drugs Used for Treatment of Typhoid Fever!Source1:-(n.d.). Retrieved March 7, 2024, from https://www.pennmedicine.org/for-patients-and-visitors/patient-information/conditions-treated-a-to-z/typhoid-feverSource2:-Bhandari J, Thada PK, DeVos E. Typhoid Fever. [Updated 2022 Aug 10]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557513/Disclaimer:-This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment.Do not ignore or delay professional medical advice based on anything you have seen or read on Medwiki.Find us at:https://www.instagram.com/medwiki_/?h…https://twitter.com/medwiki_inchttps://www.facebook.com/medwiki.co.in

What is measles and How it is caused?Measles is one of the most contagious diseases caused by a virus. It spreads easily when someone with measles breathes, coughs, or sneezes. Anyone can get sick, but it's more common in children.The virus starts in the respiratory tract and then goes through the whole body. You can catch measles by being near someone with it or touching surfaces they touched. The virus stays active for up to two hours in the air or on things. If one person has measles, they can make nine out of 10 people close to them sick if they're not vaccinated.Measles symptoms show up 10-14 days after being near the virus. Early signs last 4-7 days and include:A runny nose,Cough,Red eyes, andSmall white spots inside the cheeks.A rash starts about 7-18 days later, It starts as red spots on your face, then spreads down the body. Smaller raised white spots may merge on the red rash, as it progresses. It lasts 5-6 days before fading.Measles has no cure; the virus runs its course in approximately 10 to 14 days. The measles vaccine is the most effective way to prevent the virus and ensures immunity.Source1:-Measles. (2024, February 9).Measles. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/measlesSource2:-Kondamudi NP, Waymack JR. Measles. [Updated 2023 Aug 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448068/Disclaimer:-This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment.Do not ignore or delay professional medical advice based on anything you have seen or read on Medwiki.Find us at:https://www.instagram.com/medwiki_/?h...https://twitter.com/medwiki_inchttps://www.facebook.com/medwiki.co.in/

How did the study on long noncoding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) in Plasmodium falciparum contribute to understanding the parasite's life cycle, sexual differentiation for malaria?These follow are :-Malaria Statistics (2020):Clinical Cases: 241 millionDeaths: 627,000Key Culprit: Plasmodium falciparumVulnerable Groups: Pregnant women and young children in endemic areasResearch Focus:Objective: Understand gene expression regulation in P. falciparum lifecycle.Investigative Molecule: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs)Connection to Diseases: LncRNAs associated with neurological disorders and cancer.Specific Study on P. falciparum LncRNAs:Targeted Aspect: Regulation of sex determination and sexual differentiation.Localization Impact: LncRNAs found in different cellular compartments.Total LncRNAs Identified: 1,768New Discoveries: 718 previously unknown lncRNAs.Role Significance: Novel lncRNAs crucial for parasite lifecycle progression.Implications of Findings:Insights Gained: Understand P. falciparum lifecycle, sexual differentiation, and gene regulation.Therapeutic Potential: Targeted strategies against P. falciparum envisioned.Goals:Halt Lifecycle Progression.Block Transmission to Mosquitoes.Prevent Malaria Spread.Researcher Outlook:Hopeful Impact: Novel insights contributing to the development of antimalarial therapies.Long-term Goal: Combat malaria by disrupting the parasite's lifecycle and transmission pathways.Sources:https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/08/230828162349.htmDisclaimer:-This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment. Do not ignore or delay professional medical advice based on anything you have seen or read on Medwiki.Find us at:https://www.instagram.com/medwiki_/?h..https://twitter.com/medwiki_inchttps://www.facebook.com/medwiki.co.in/

The Dengue Fever Originates from Dengue VirusDengue transmission is primarily through bites of infected Aedes mosquitoes, especially Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Dengue fever is caused by single-stranded RNA viruses of the genus Flavivirus, specifically four serotypes of dengue virus DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4.Each serotype shares approximately 65% of its genome with the others, still they cause the same disease and range of symptoms. Infections with one serotype provide temporary immunity to that specific serotype but not to the other serotypes. For example, an individual who recovers from a DENV-1 infection will be immune to further DENV-1 infections but remains susceptible to DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4 infections.Subsequent infections with different serotypes can place individuals at a greater risk for serious forms such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Some studies have shown that certain serotypes, such as DENV-2 and DENV-4, tend to cause more severe disease than others. Additionally, the presence of a specific serotype in circulation can impact the overall severity of dengue outbreaks.Watch our next video to know about “Signs and Symptoms of Dengue Fever!”Source1:-Schaefer TJ, Panda PK, Wolford RW. Dengue Fever. [Updated 2022 Nov 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430732/Source2:-Dengue | CDC Yellow Book 2024. (2024). Dengue | CDC Yellow Book 2024. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/infections-diseases/dengueDisclaimer:-This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment. Do not ignore or delay professional medical advice based on anything you have seen or read on Medwiki.Find us at:https://www.instagram.com/medwiki_/?h...https://twitter.com/medwiki_inchttps://www.facebook.com/medwiki.co.in/

Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium S. Typhi, found in the gut of infected individuals. The symptoms of typhoid fever include:It is characterized by a sustained fever (typically between 103-104°F (39-40°C) that lasts for several days.Significant weakness and fatigue due to the body's immune response to the infection.The infection can cause inflammation in the stomach, leading to pain and discomfort.It can also cause a headache due to the body's inflammatory response and the infection itself.Diarrhea or constipation, depending on the severity of the infection and the individual's response to it.In some cases, it can cause a cough, which may be due to inflammation in the respiratory system.The infection can lead to a loss of appetite, making it difficult for the body to get the nutrients it needs to fight the illness.Rash of flat, rose-colored spots: In some cases, a rash of flat, rose-colored spots may develop on the skin, particularly in the groin areas.If the infection spreads beyond the intestines, it can lead to sepsis, a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.The infection can cause inflammation in the heart muscle, leading to heart failure in severe cases.Watch our next video to know about ”Typhoid Mary: The Real Spreader of Typhoid!Source:-(n.d.). Retrieved March 7, 2024, from https://www.pennmedicine.org/for-patients-and-visitors/patient-information/conditions-treated-a-to-z/typhoid-feverDisclaimer:-This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment.Do not ignore or delay professional medical advice based on anything you have seen or read on Medwiki.Find us at:https://www.instagram.com/medwiki_/?h…https://twitter.com/medwiki_inchttps://www.facebook.com/medwiki.co.in

To diagnose typhoid fever, healthcare providers typically rely on a combination of tests. These tests include:Culture Test: A sample of blood, stool, urine, or bone marrow is collected and cultured in a lab to identify the presence of Salmonella typhi bacteria. Results take 2-3 days.Antibody Test: This test checks for antibodies produced in response to typhoid bacteria by examining a blood sample. Results are usually available within a day or two.DNA Test: Detects the genetic material of Salmonella typhi in a patient's sample using PCR. Results can be obtained rapidly, aiding early diagnosis.Bone Marrow Culture: Highly sensitive for detecting Salmonella typhi, this test involves collecting a bone marrow sample under local anesthesia. Results may take a few days.Real-Time PCR: A molecular technique amplifying specific DNA sequences for early diagnosis within the first 5 days of symptoms. Results are available rapidly.Widal Test: Detecting specific antibodies against Salmonella typhi, this test may yield results within a day or two but has limitations due to inaccuracies.These tests are vital for diagnosing typhoid fever, guiding healthcare providers in determining the most effective treatment for patients.Watch our next video to know about ”Pathophysiology of Typhoid Fever!Source1:-Symptoms and Treatment | Typhoid Fever | CDC. (n.d.). Symptoms and Treatment | Typhoid Fever | CDC. Retrieved March 7, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/symptoms.htmlSource2:-Typhoid fever. (2024, March 8). Typhoid fever. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/typhoid-fever/diagnosis/Disclaimer:-This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment.Do not ignore or delay professional medical advice based on anything you have seen or read on Medwiki.Find us at:https://www.instagram.com/medwiki_/?h…https://twitter.com/medwiki_inchttps://www.facebook.com/medwiki.co.in

Have you ever wondered if your gut bacteria could help you fight off infections?Recent research has shown that the microbiome in our gut plays a significant role in our immune system.Here are some facts and evidence to support this claim:1. Gut bacteria help in the production of antibodies: Antibodies are proteins produced by our immune system to fight off infections. Studies have shown that gut bacteria play a critical role in the production of these antibodies.2. The gut microbiome communicates with the immune system: The gut microbiome communicates with the immune system through various channels. This communication helps the immune system recognize and fight off infections.3. Gut bacteria can protect against harmful pathogens: Certain types of gut bacteria have been shown to protect against harmful pathogens such as Salmonella and E. coli.4. Antibiotics can affect the gut microbiome: Antibiotics are designed to kill harmful bacteria, but they can also kill beneficial bacteria in our gut. This can lead to a weakened immune system and an increased risk of infections.5. A healthy gut microbiome can boost the immune system: A healthy gut microbiome can help boost our immune system's ability to fight off infections.In conclusion, the evidence suggests that our gut bacteria plays a crucial role in fighting off infections. By maintaining a healthy gut microbiome, we can help strengthen our immune system and protect ourselves from harmful pathogens.Source:-1. Maciel-Fiuza, M. F., Muller, G. C., Campos, D. M. S., do Socorro Silva Costa, P., Peruzzo, J., Bonamigo, R. R., Veit, T., & Vianna, F. S. L. (2023). Role of gut microbiota in infectious and inflammatory diseases. Frontiers in microbiology, 14, 1098386. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.10983862. Zhang, Y. J., Li, S., Gan, R. Y., Zhou, T., Xu, D. P., & Li, H. B. (2015). Impacts of gut bacteria on human health and diseases. International journal of molecular sciences, 16(4), 7493–7519. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms16047493Disclaimer:-This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment. Do not ignore or delay professional medical advice based on anything you have seen or read on Medwiki.Find us at:https://www.instagram.com/medwiki_/?h…https://twitter.com/medwiki_inchttps://www.facebook.com/medwiki.co.in/