Summary of Infectious Diseases
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What are the steps in the cycle of transmission for infectious diseases?
These step are:-
Nature of Infectious Diseases:
- Communicable diseases, also known as infectious or transmissible diseases, are caused by pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites).
- Spread occurs directly or indirectly through water, food, air, or environmental factors.
Common Examples of Infectious Diseases:
- Tuberculosis
- Diarrhea
- Malaria
- Dengue
- HIV
- Pneumonia
Cycle of Transmission - 5 Steps:
- Source of Pathogen: Pathogens found in various habitats, including soil, water, air, animals, and humans.
- Mode of Transmission: Spread through physical contact, ingestion, feces or insects, or inhaling contaminated droplets or air.
- Routes of Transmission: Infection spreads via respiratory tract, mucosal membrane, skin, mouth, etc.
- Spread in Host Body: Pathogens multiply and spread within the host body using phagocytes, lymphatic vessels, or blood vessels.
- Virulence of Pathogen: Factors like host immunity, microorganism potency, weather conditions, and time of detection contribute to the level of harm caused.
Common Symptoms:
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Diarrhea
- Muscle pain
Precautions and Treatment:
- Vaccination is the best preventive measure.
- Simple precautions include regular handwashing, staying home when sick, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and refraining from touching eyes, nose, or mouth.
- Treatment involves antibiotics for bacteria, antivirals for viruses, and antifungals for fungi, prescribed based on the severity of the condition.
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