Summary of Infectious Diseases

What are the steps in the cycle of transmission for infectious diseases?

These step are:-

Nature of Infectious Diseases:

• Communicable diseases, also known as infectious or transmissible diseases, are caused by pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites).
• Spread occurs directly or indirectly through water, food, air, or environmental factors.

Common Examples of Infectious Diseases:

• Tuberculosis
• Diarrhea
• Malaria
• Dengue
• HIV
• Pneumonia

Cycle of Transmission - 5 Steps:

• Source of Pathogen: Pathogens found in various habitats, including soil, water, air, animals, and humans.
• Mode of Transmission: Spread through physical contact, ingestion, feces or insects, or inhaling contaminated droplets or air.
• Routes of Transmission: Infection spreads via respiratory tract, mucosal membrane, skin, mouth, etc.
• Spread in Host Body: Pathogens multiply and spread within the host body using phagocytes, lymphatic vessels, or blood vessels.
• Virulence of Pathogen: Factors like host immunity, microorganism potency, weather conditions, and time of detection contribute to the level of harm caused.

Common Symptoms:

• Fever
• Fatigue
• Diarrhea
• Muscle pain

Precautions and Treatment:

• Vaccination is the best preventive measure.
• Simple precautions include regular handwashing, staying home when sick, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and refraining from touching eyes, nose, or mouth.
• Treatment involves antibiotics for bacteria, antivirals for viruses, and antifungals for fungi, prescribed based on the severity of the condition.

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