Propranolol
Hypertension, Supraventricular Tachycardia ... show more
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
Beta-Adrenergic Blocker
Controlled Drug Substance
NO
Propranolol
Summary
Propranolol is used for several heart and blood pressure problems. It helps lower blood pressure, ease chest pain, control irregular heartbeats, and protect the heart after a heart attack. It can also help prevent migraines and reduce shaking from essential tremor. It's also used for specific heart valve problems and a rare tumor of the adrenal gland.
Propranolol slows down the heart and lowers blood pressure by blocking signals in the body that make the heart beat faster and stronger. It reduces the release of a hormone that raises blood pressure and calms down the nervous system's signals that increase blood pressure.
The dosage of Propranolol depends on the condition it's treating. For high blood pressure, a typical daily dose is between 120mg and 240mg. For chest pain, it's usually 80mg to 320mg daily. It's taken orally, by mouth.
Common side effects of Propranolol include tiredness, dizziness, and lightheadedness. It can occasionally cause stomach upset, nausea, or diarrhea. It can also affect mood, potentially causing depression, fatigue, or irritability.
Propranolol can slow your heart rate too much, sometimes even stopping it, especially if you're also taking certain other medicines. It can also make epinephrine less effective. If you take too much, your blood pressure can drop dangerously low and your heart rate can slow severely.
Indications and Purpose
How does Propranolol work?
Propranolol works by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart and blood vessels. This action reduces heart rate, decreases the force of heart contractions, and lowers blood pressure. It also helps to prevent migraines by reducing the frequency and severity of headache attacks.
Is Propranolol effective?
Propranolol is a well-established beta-blocker used to treat various conditions, including hypertension, angina, and migraine prevention. Clinical studies have shown its effectiveness in reducing blood pressure, decreasing the frequency of angina attacks, and preventing migraines. Its efficacy is supported by decades of use and numerous clinical trials.
What is Propranolol?
Propranolol is a beta-blocker commonly used to treat high blood pressure, angina, and prevent migraines. It works by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors, which reduces heart rate and blood pressure, and decreases the heart's demand for oxygen. This helps improve blood flow and reduces the frequency of angina attacks and migraines.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Propranolol?
The duration of Propranolol use depends on the condition being treated. For chronic conditions like hypertension or angina, it may be used long-term. For other conditions, such as migraine prevention, the duration will depend on the individual's response and doctor's recommendation. Always follow your doctor's guidance on how long to take Propranolol.
How do I take Propranolol?
Propranolol can be taken with or without food, but it's important to take it consistently in the same manner each day. There are no specific food restrictions, but it's advisable to avoid alcohol as it can increase the medication's effects. Always follow your doctor's instructions regarding dosage and administration.
How long does it take for Propranolol to start working?
Propranolol typically begins to work within a few hours of taking a dose, but it may take a few days to weeks to see the full effects, especially for conditions like hypertension or migraine prevention. It's important to take the medication as prescribed and consult your doctor if you have concerns about its effectiveness.
How should I store Propranolol?
Propranolol should be stored at room temperature, away from light, excess heat, and moisture. It should be kept in its original container, tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Do not freeze the medication, and dispose of any unused solution two months after opening.
What is the usual dose of Propranolol?
For adults, the usual dose of Propranolol varies depending on the condition being treated. For hypertension, the initial dose is typically 40 mg twice daily, which can be increased to 120-240 mg per day. For angina, doses range from 80-320 mg per day. For children, the dosage is determined based on the child's weight and specific condition, and should be prescribed by a doctor. Always follow the doctor's instructions for dosing.
Warnings and Precautions
Can I take Propranolol with other prescription drugs?
Propranolol can interact with various medications, including other blood pressure drugs, antiarrhythmics, and antidepressants. It can increase the effects of warfarin and alter blood sugar levels when taken with diabetes medications. Always inform your doctor of all medications and supplements you are taking to avoid potential interactions.
Can Propranolol be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Propranolol is excreted in breast milk, and caution is advised when administering it to nursing mothers. While the risk to the infant is considered low, it's important to monitor the baby for any adverse effects. Consult your doctor to discuss the risks and benefits of using Propranolol while breastfeeding.
Can Propranolol be taken safely while pregnant?
Propranolol should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefits justify the potential risks to the fetus. It can cause fetal harm, including growth retardation and neonatal complications. Pregnant women should consult their doctor to weigh the risks and benefits before using Propranolol.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Propranolol?
Drinking alcohol while taking Propranolol can increase the levels of the medication in your blood, potentially leading to enhanced effects and side effects. It may also increase the risk of dizziness or fainting. It's advisable to limit alcohol consumption and consult with your doctor about your alcohol intake while on Propranolol.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Propranolol?
Propranolol can limit exercise capacity because it reduces heart rate and blood pressure, which may affect physical performance. If you notice a significant impact on your ability to exercise, discuss this with your doctor. They may adjust your dose or suggest alternative treatments to better suit your lifestyle.
Is Propranolol safe for the elderly?
Elderly patients may be more sensitive to the effects of Propranolol, particularly its impact on heart rate and blood pressure. It's important to start at a lower dose and adjust gradually under medical supervision. Regular monitoring of heart function and blood pressure is recommended to ensure safety and effectiveness.
Who should avoid taking Propranolol?
Propranolol is contraindicated in patients with asthma, severe bradycardia, and certain heart conditions. It should be used cautiously in those with diabetes, as it can mask hypoglycemia symptoms. Abrupt discontinuation can worsen angina or cause heart attacks, so it should be tapered off under medical supervision. Always consult your doctor before starting or stopping Propranolol.
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