Phenytoin
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic ... show more
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
Definite
Pharmaceutical Class
Anti-epileptic Agent
Controlled Drug Substance
No
Phenytoin
Summary
Phenytoin is used to control seizures in epilepsy, which is a disorder that causes seizures. It may also be prescribed for other conditions as determined by a doctor.
Phenytoin stabilizes electrical activity in the brain, which helps prevent seizures. It acts like a circuit breaker, blocking certain channels in nerve cells to reduce seizure activity.
Adults typically start with 100 mg taken two to three times daily. The maximum dose is usually 600 mg per day. It's taken orally, with or without food, and tablets should be swallowed whole.
Common side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, and unsteadiness. These are unwanted reactions that can vary from person to person.
Phenytoin should not be used if allergic to it. It can cause serious skin reactions and affect liver function. Regular blood tests are needed to monitor safety.
Indications and Purpose
How does Phenytoin work?
Phenytoin works by stabilizing electrical activity in the brain, which helps prevent seizures. It does this by blocking certain channels in nerve cells, reducing the spread of seizure activity. Think of it like a circuit breaker that prevents electrical overloads. This action makes Phenytoin effective for controlling seizures in epilepsy, which is a disorder that causes seizures. Always follow your doctor's instructions when taking Phenytoin.
Is Phenytoin effective?
Yes, Phenytoin is effective for controlling seizures in epilepsy, which is a disorder that causes seizures. It works by stabilizing electrical activity in the brain. Clinical studies show that Phenytoin significantly reduces the frequency of seizures in many patients. However, its effectiveness can vary from person to person. Regular check-ups with your doctor are important to ensure Phenytoin is working properly for your condition.
What is Phenytoin?
Phenytoin is a medication used to control seizures in epilepsy, which is a disorder that causes seizures. It belongs to a class of drugs called anticonvulsants. Phenytoin works by stabilizing electrical activity in the brain, which helps prevent seizures. It's primarily used for epilepsy but can also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor. Always follow your doctor's instructions when taking Phenytoin.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Phenytoin?
Phenytoin is usually a long-term medication for managing epilepsy, which is a disorder that causes seizures. You'll typically take Phenytoin every day as a lifelong treatment unless your doctor suggests otherwise. Stopping this medication without medical advice could cause your seizures to worsen. How long you'll need this medication depends on your body's response and any side effects you experience. Always talk with your doctor before changing or stopping your Phenytoin treatment.
How do I dispose of Phenytoin?
To dispose of Phenytoin, take it to a drug take-back program or collection site at a pharmacy or hospital. They will dispose of it properly to prevent harm to people or the environment. If you can't find a take-back program, you can throw it in the trash at home. First, mix it with something undesirable like used coffee grounds, seal it in a plastic bag, and then throw it away.
How do I take Phenytoin?
Take Phenytoin exactly as your doctor prescribes. It's usually taken once or twice daily, with or without food. Swallow the tablets whole; do not crush or chew them. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it's almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose. Do not take two doses at once. Avoid alcohol while on Phenytoin, as it can increase side effects. Always follow your doctor's specific advice about diet and fluid intake while taking this medication.
How long does it take for Phenytoin to start working?
Phenytoin begins working in your body shortly after you take it, but it may take a few weeks to achieve its full therapeutic effect. The time it takes to work can depend on individual factors like your age, overall health, and how your body responds to the medication. Regular check-ups with your doctor are important to monitor its effectiveness and make any necessary adjustments to your treatment.
How should I store Phenytoin?
Store Phenytoin at room temperature, away from moisture and light. Keep it in a tightly closed container to protect it from damage. Don't store it in humid places like bathrooms, where moisture can affect how well the medication works. Always keep Phenytoin out of children's reach to prevent accidental swallowing. Check the expiration date regularly and properly dispose of any unused or expired medication.
What is the usual dose of Phenytoin?
The usual starting dose of Phenytoin for adults is 100 mg taken two to three times daily. Your doctor may adjust the dose based on your response and blood levels. The maximum recommended dose is typically 600 mg per day. For children and the elderly, the dose may be lower and adjusted carefully. Always follow your doctor's specific dosing instructions for your personal health needs.
Warnings and Precautions
Can I take Phenytoin with other prescription drugs?
Phenytoin has several important drug interactions. It can interact with other medications like warfarin, which is a blood thinner, and certain antibiotics, affecting their effectiveness. It can also increase the risk of side effects when taken with other seizure medications. Always tell your doctor about all the medications you take to avoid harmful interactions. They can help manage your treatment safely.
Can Phenytoin be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Phenytoin is generally considered safe to use while breastfeeding, but it can pass into breast milk in small amounts. Most babies don't experience adverse effects, but some may become drowsy or irritable. Always discuss with your doctor before breastfeeding while on Phenytoin. They can help you weigh the benefits and risks and suggest monitoring your baby for any unusual symptoms.
Can Phenytoin be taken safely while pregnant?
Phenytoin is not considered safe during pregnancy. It can cause birth defects and other problems for the baby. However, uncontrolled seizures during pregnancy can also be harmful. If you're pregnant or planning to become pregnant, talk with your doctor about the safest way to manage your condition. They can help create a treatment plan that balances the risks and benefits for both you and your baby.
Does Phenytoin have adverse effects?
Yes, Phenytoin can have adverse effects, which are unwanted reactions to a medication. Common adverse effects include dizziness, drowsiness, and unsteadiness. Serious side effects can include liver damage and severe skin reactions. If you notice any new or worsening symptoms, contact your doctor immediately. They can help determine if these symptoms are related to Phenytoin and suggest appropriate actions to take.
Does Phenytoin have any safety warnings?
Yes, Phenytoin has important safety warnings. It can cause serious skin reactions, which may be life-threatening. If you notice a rash, fever, or swollen glands, seek medical help immediately. Phenytoin can also affect liver function, so regular blood tests are needed. Not following these warnings can lead to severe health issues. Always discuss any concerns with your doctor and follow their advice closely.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Phenytoin?
It's best to avoid alcohol while taking Phenytoin. Alcohol can interfere with how Phenytoin works and increase the risk of side effects like dizziness and drowsiness. It can also lower the seizure threshold, making seizures more likely. If you do choose to drink, limit your alcohol intake and talk with your doctor for personalized advice based on your health situation.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Phenytoin?
Yes, you can exercise while taking Phenytoin, but be cautious. Phenytoin can cause dizziness or unsteadiness, which might affect your balance during physical activity. To exercise safely, start with light activities and gradually increase intensity. Stay hydrated and watch for signs of dizziness or fatigue. If you notice these symptoms, slow down or stop exercising and rest. Always consult your doctor if you have concerns.
Is it safe to stop Phenytoin?
No, it's not safe to stop Phenytoin suddenly. Doing so can cause seizures to return or worsen. Phenytoin is usually used long-term for conditions like epilepsy, which is a disorder that causes seizures. If you need to stop taking it, your doctor will guide you on how to gradually reduce the dose to avoid withdrawal symptoms. Always talk with your doctor before making any changes to your medication.
Is Phenytoin addictive?
Phenytoin is not considered addictive or habit-forming. It doesn't cause cravings or withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking it. Phenytoin works by stabilizing electrical activity in the brain, which doesn't affect brain chemistry in ways that lead to addiction. If you have concerns about medication dependence, you can feel confident that Phenytoin doesn't carry this risk while managing your health condition.
Is Phenytoin safe for the elderly?
Phenytoin can be used by the elderly, but they are more vulnerable to its side effects. Older adults may experience dizziness, unsteadiness, or confusion more frequently. These side effects can increase the risk of falls. Regular monitoring and dose adjustments may be needed to ensure safety. Always discuss any concerns with your doctor, who can help tailor the treatment to your specific needs.
What are the most common side effects of Phenytoin?
Common side effects of Phenytoin include dizziness, drowsiness, and unsteadiness. These side effects are unwanted reactions that can happen when taking a medication. They vary from person to person. If you notice new symptoms after starting Phenytoin, they might be temporary or unrelated to the medication. Talk with your doctor before stopping any medication.
Who should avoid taking Phenytoin?
Phenytoin should not be used if you have a known allergy to it or its ingredients. This is an absolute contraindication, meaning the drug must not be used due to severe risks. Relative contraindications include liver disease and certain heart conditions, where caution is needed, and the drug may be used only if benefits outweigh risks. Always consult your doctor about these concerns.
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