Nitrofurantoin
Escherichia coli Infections, Staphylococcal Infections ... show more
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
No
Pharmaceutical Class
Antibacterial
Controlled Drug Substance
No
Nitrofurantoin
Summary
Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by bacteria. It's effective against some common bacteria, but not all. It's not used for kidney infections or serious infections around the kidney.
Nitrofurantoin works by inhibiting bacterial enzymes and interfering with bacterial metabolism, effectively killing the bacteria causing the infection. This multi-pronged approach makes it difficult for bacteria to become resistant to the drug.
Adults usually take 50 to 100 milligrams of Nitrofurantoin four times a day, but less might be used for simple bladder infections. Children's doses depend on their weight, with 5 to 7 milligrams for every kilogram they weigh, spread out over four doses daily. Babies younger than one month shouldn't take it.
Nitrofurantoin can sometimes cause side effects like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, sleepiness, unsteadiness, and headaches. Weight gain is not a typical side effect. It can also cause serious lung or liver problems and nerve damage, although these are not common.
Nitrofurantoin can be harmful to your kidneys, especially if they're not working well. Pregnant women near their due date, newborns, and people with liver problems shouldn't take it. It can cause nerve damage, especially in people with kidney problems or diabetes, and lung problems, ranging from temporary coughs to permanent lung damage.
Indications and Purpose
How does Nitrofurantoin work?
Nitrofurantoin works by interfering with the production of proteins that bacteria need to grow and multiply. This action helps kill the bacteria causing the infection. Think of it like cutting off the power supply to a factory, stopping production. Nitrofurantoin is effective against certain types of bacteria that cause urinary tract infections. Always take it as prescribed by your doctor to ensure the best results.
Is Nitrofurantoin effective?
Nitrofurantoin is effective in treating urinary tract infections, which are infections in the system that removes urine from your body. It works by killing the bacteria causing the infection. Clinical studies and patient outcomes support its effectiveness for this purpose. Always take Nitrofurantoin as prescribed by your doctor to ensure the best results.
What is Nitrofurantoin?
Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic used to treat urinary tract infections, which are infections in the system that removes urine from your body. It works by killing the bacteria causing the infection. Nitrofurantoin belongs to the class of medicines called nitrofuran antibiotics. It's primarily used for treating bladder infections and is sometimes used for long-term prevention of recurrent infections. Always take Nitrofurantoin as prescribed by your doctor.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Nitrofurantoin?
Nitrofurantoin is usually prescribed for short-term treatment of acute urinary tract infections, typically for 7 days. For long-term prevention of recurrent infections, it may be taken daily at a lower dose. Always follow your doctor's specific instructions regarding the duration of use. Do not stop taking Nitrofurantoin without consulting your doctor, as this could lead to the infection returning or worsening.
How do I dispose of Nitrofurantoin?
If you can, bring unused Nitrofurantoin to a drug take-back program or collection site at a pharmacy or hospital. They will dispose of this medicine properly so it doesn't harm people or the environment. If you can't find a take-back program, you can throw most medicines in the trash at home. But first, take them out of their original containers, mix them with something undesirable like used coffee grounds, seal the mixture in a plastic bag, and throw it away.
How do I take Nitrofurantoin?
Take Nitrofurantoin exactly as prescribed by your doctor. It's usually taken twice daily, with food, to improve absorption and reduce stomach upset. Swallow the capsules whole; do not crush or chew them. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it's almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue your regular schedule. Do not take two doses at once. Always follow your doctor's specific instructions.
How long does it take for Nitrofurantoin to start working?
Nitrofurantoin starts working soon after you take it, but it may take a few days to notice improvement in symptoms. The full therapeutic effect is usually achieved within 3 to 5 days. Factors like the severity of the infection and individual response can affect how quickly you notice results. Always take Nitrofurantoin as prescribed and complete the full course, even if you start feeling better, to ensure the infection is fully treated.
How should I store Nitrofurantoin?
Store Nitrofurantoin at room temperature, away from light and moisture. Keep it in a tightly closed container to protect it from damage. Don't store your medicine in humid places like bathrooms, where moisture in the air could affect how well the medication works. Always store Nitrofurantoin out of children's reach to prevent accidental swallowing. Check the expiration date regularly and properly dispose of any unused or expired medication.
What is the usual dose of Nitrofurantoin?
The usual dose of Nitrofurantoin for adults is 50 to 100 mg taken four times a day for 7 days. For long-term suppression, the dose is typically 50 to 100 mg once daily at bedtime. Dosage may vary based on the condition being treated and individual patient needs. Always follow your doctor's specific dosing instructions. Adjustments may be necessary for children or the elderly.
Warnings and Precautions
Can I take Nitrofurantoin with other prescription drugs?
Nitrofurantoin can interact with certain medications, such as antacids containing magnesium trisilicate, which can reduce its effectiveness. It may also interact with probenecid and sulfinpyrazone, which can increase the risk of side effects. Always inform your doctor about all the medications you are taking to avoid potential interactions. Your doctor can help manage any interactions and adjust your treatment plan as needed.
Can Nitrofurantoin be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Nitrofurantoin is generally considered safe to use while breastfeeding. It passes into breast milk in small amounts but is unlikely to harm a nursing infant. However, if your baby shows signs of jaundice, which is yellowing of the skin or eyes, or other unusual symptoms, contact your doctor. Always discuss with your healthcare provider before taking any medication while breastfeeding.
Can Nitrofurantoin be taken safely while pregnant?
Nitrofurantoin is generally considered safe during early pregnancy but is not recommended in the last trimester. It can cause hemolytic anemia, which is a condition where red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be made, in newborns. Always discuss with your doctor if you're pregnant or planning to become pregnant while taking Nitrofurantoin. They can help determine the safest treatment options for you and your baby.
Does Nitrofurantoin have adverse effects?
Adverse effects are unwanted reactions to a medication. Common adverse effects of Nitrofurantoin include nausea, headache, and diarrhea. Serious side effects, though rare, can include lung problems, liver damage, and nerve damage. If you experience severe symptoms like difficulty breathing, yellowing of the skin or eyes, or numbness and tingling, seek medical attention immediately. Always inform your doctor about any new or worsening symptoms.
Does Nitrofurantoin have any safety warnings?
Yes, Nitrofurantoin has important safety warnings. It should not be used in patients with significant kidney impairment, as it may not work well and could cause harm. Nitrofurantoin can cause lung problems, liver damage, and peripheral neuropathy, which is nerve damage. If you experience symptoms like difficulty breathing, yellowing of the skin or eyes, or numbness and tingling, seek medical help immediately. Always follow your doctor's advice and report any unusual symptoms.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Nitrofurantoin?
It's best to avoid alcohol while taking Nitrofurantoin. Alcohol can increase the risk of side effects like stomach upset and dizziness. If you do choose to drink occasionally, limit how much alcohol you consume and watch for any unusual symptoms. Talk with your doctor about alcohol use while taking Nitrofurantoin to get personalized advice based on your specific health situation.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Nitrofurantoin?
You can exercise while taking Nitrofurantoin, but be mindful of how your body feels. This medication can cause dizziness or stomach upset, which might affect your ability to exercise comfortably. To exercise safely, drink plenty of water and avoid strenuous activities if you feel unwell. If you notice any unusual symptoms during physical activity, slow down or stop and rest. Consult your doctor if you have concerns about exercising while on this medication.
Is it safe to stop Nitrofurantoin?
Nitrofurantoin is usually prescribed for short-term use to treat infections. Stopping it early can lead to the infection returning or worsening. Always complete the full course as prescribed by your doctor, even if you feel better. If you have concerns about stopping Nitrofurantoin, talk with your doctor. They can provide guidance on safely discontinuing the medication.
Is Nitrofurantoin addictive?
Nitrofurantoin is not addictive or habit-forming. This medication doesn't cause dependency or withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking it. Nitrofurantoin works by killing bacteria that cause infections, and it doesn't affect brain chemistry in ways that could lead to addiction. You won't experience cravings for this medication or feel compelled to take more than prescribed.
Is Nitrofurantoin safe for the elderly?
Elderly patients may be more vulnerable to side effects from Nitrofurantoin, such as lung or liver problems. It's important for older adults to have their kidney function monitored, as impaired kidneys can affect how the drug is processed. Always follow your doctor's advice and report any unusual symptoms. Your doctor may adjust the dose or suggest alternative treatments based on your health needs.
What are the most common side effects of Nitrofurantoin?
Side effects are unwanted reactions that can happen when taking a medication. Common side effects of Nitrofurantoin include nausea, headache, and diarrhea. These effects vary from person to person and are usually mild. If you notice new symptoms after starting Nitrofurantoin, they might be temporary or unrelated to the medication. Talk with your doctor before stopping any medication.
Who should avoid taking Nitrofurantoin?
Don't take Nitrofurantoin if you have significant kidney impairment, as it may not work well and could cause harm. It's also contraindicated in late pregnancy due to the risk of hemolytic anemia, which is a condition where red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be made, in newborns. Avoid using it if you have a history of liver problems or lung disease related to Nitrofurantoin. Always consult your doctor about these concerns.
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