Nitazoxanide
Diarrhea, Cryptosporidiosis ... show more
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA)
WHO Essential Medicine
NO
Known Teratogen
No
Pharmaceutical Class
Antiprotozoal
Controlled Drug Substance
No
nitazoxanide
Summary
Nitazoxanide is used to treat infections caused by parasites like Giardia and Cryptosporidium, which can cause diarrhea and stomach pain. It is also effective against certain viral infections, such as rotavirus and norovirus, which are viruses that cause stomach and intestinal inflammation.
Nitazoxanide works by interfering with the energy production of parasites and certain viruses, which leads to their death. This action helps clear infections and alleviate symptoms like diarrhea and stomach pain, which are common signs of these infections.
The usual dose for adults is 500 mg taken twice daily with food, which helps improve absorption and reduce stomach upset. For children, the dose is based on weight, and specific instructions are provided by a doctor. Always follow your doctor's dosing instructions.
Common side effects of Nitazoxanide include nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, which are usually mild and temporary. These effects occur in less than 10% of people and can often be reduced by taking the medication with food.
Nitazoxanide should not be used if you are allergic to it or any of its ingredients. Caution is needed for people with liver or kidney problems, which are conditions affecting these organs. Always inform your doctor about your medical history and any other medications you are taking.
Indications and Purpose
How does Nitazoxanide work?
Nitazoxanide works by interfering with the energy production of parasites and certain viruses, leading to their death. It targets the organisms' ability to produce energy, similar to how a power outage stops machines from working. This action helps clear infections caused by parasites like Giardia and Cryptosporidium, as well as certain viral infections. By disrupting the energy production, Nitazoxanide effectively treats these infections and alleviates symptoms like diarrhea and stomach pain.
Is Nitazoxanide effective?
Nitazoxanide is effective in treating certain infections, such as those caused by parasites like Giardia and Cryptosporidium. It works by interfering with the energy production of these organisms, leading to their death. Clinical studies have shown that Nitazoxanide significantly reduces symptoms and clears the infection in most patients. It's important to take the medication as prescribed to achieve the best results. If you have concerns about its effectiveness, discuss them with your doctor.
What is Nitazoxanide?
Nitazoxanide is an antiparasitic medication used to treat infections caused by parasites like Giardia and Cryptosporidium. It works by interfering with the energy production of these organisms, leading to their death. Nitazoxanide is also used to treat certain viral infections, such as rotavirus and norovirus. It is usually taken for a short period to clear the infection. Always follow your doctor's instructions when using Nitazoxanide to ensure effective treatment.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Nitazoxanide?
Nitazoxanide is usually prescribed for short-term treatment of acute infections, such as those caused by parasites like Giardia and Cryptosporidium. The typical duration of use is 3 days, but your doctor will provide specific instructions based on your condition. It's important to complete the full course of treatment as prescribed, even if you start feeling better, to ensure the infection is fully treated. Always follow your doctor's guidance on the duration of use.
How do I dispose of Nitazoxanide?
To dispose of Nitazoxanide, take it to a drug take-back program or collection site at a pharmacy or hospital. They will dispose of it properly to prevent harm to people or the environment. If you can't find a take-back program, you can throw it in the trash at home. First, remove it from its original container, mix it with something undesirable like used coffee grounds, seal it in a plastic bag, and throw it away.
How do I take Nitazoxanide?
Nitazoxanide is usually taken twice daily, once in the morning and once in the evening, with food. This helps improve absorption and reduce stomach upset. The tablets should not be crushed or chewed. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it's almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take two doses at once. Always follow your doctor's specific instructions regarding the use of this medication.
How long does it take for Nitazoxanide to start working?
Nitazoxanide starts working shortly after you take it, with noticeable improvements in symptoms like diarrhea and stomach pain within a few days. The full therapeutic effect is usually achieved by the end of the prescribed treatment course, typically 3 days. Individual factors like the severity of the infection and your overall health can affect how quickly you notice improvements. It's important to complete the full course of treatment as prescribed for the best results.
How should I store Nitazoxanide?
Store Nitazoxanide at room temperature, away from moisture and light. Keep it in its original container with the lid tightly closed. Avoid storing it in humid places like bathrooms, as moisture can affect the medication's effectiveness. If the packaging isn't child-resistant, transfer it to a container that children can't easily open. Always keep Nitazoxanide out of children's reach to prevent accidental ingestion. Check the expiration date regularly and dispose of any unused or expired medication properly.
What is the usual dose of Nitazoxanide?
The usual dose of Nitazoxanide for adults is 500 mg taken twice daily with food. This helps improve absorption and reduce stomach upset. The dose may be adjusted by your doctor based on your specific condition and response to treatment. For children, the dose is typically based on weight, and your doctor will provide specific instructions. Always follow your doctor's dosing instructions and do not adjust your dose without consulting them.
Warnings and Precautions
Can I take Nitazoxanide with other prescription drugs?
Nitazoxanide's active metabolite, tizoxanide, is highly protein-bound, which may lead to interactions with other highly protein-bound drugs with narrow therapeutic indices, such as warfarin. Monitoring for adverse reactions is recommended when these drugs are used concurrently.
Can Nitazoxanide be taken safely while breastfeeding?
The safety of Nitazoxanide while breastfeeding is not well-established due to limited information. It's unclear if the medication passes into breast milk or affects milk supply. If you're breastfeeding, discuss the potential risks and benefits with your doctor. They can help determine the safest treatment options for you and your baby. Always inform your healthcare provider about your breastfeeding status before starting any medication.
Can Nitazoxanide be taken safely while pregnant?
The safety of Nitazoxanide during pregnancy is not well-established due to limited evidence. Animal studies have not shown harm, but human data is lacking. It's important to weigh the benefits and risks with your doctor if you're pregnant or planning to become pregnant. They can help determine the safest treatment options for your condition during pregnancy. Always inform your healthcare provider about your pregnancy status before starting any medication.
Does Nitazoxanide have adverse effects?
Adverse effects are unwanted reactions that can occur with medication use. Nitazoxanide is generally well-tolerated, but some people may experience side effects like nausea, diarrhea, or abdominal pain. These are usually mild and temporary. Serious adverse effects are rare but can include allergic reactions, which require immediate medical attention. If you notice any new or worsening symptoms while taking Nitazoxanide, contact your doctor to discuss your concerns and determine the best course of action.
Does Nitazoxanide have any safety warnings?
Yes, Nitazoxanide has safety warnings. It should be used with caution in people with liver or kidney problems, as it may affect these organs. If you experience symptoms like yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, or severe abdominal pain, seek medical attention immediately. These could be signs of liver issues. It's important to follow your doctor's instructions and report any unusual symptoms while taking Nitazoxanide.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Nitazoxanide?
It's best to avoid alcohol while taking Nitazoxanide. Alcohol can increase the risk of side effects like stomach upset and dizziness. It may also interfere with the effectiveness of the medication. If you choose to drink occasionally, limit your alcohol intake and watch for any adverse reactions. Talk with your doctor about alcohol use while taking Nitazoxanide to get personalized advice based on your specific health situation.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Nitazoxanide?
Yes, you can exercise while taking Nitazoxanide. However, be aware that the medication can cause stomach upset or dizziness in some people. If you experience these symptoms, it might affect your ability to exercise comfortably. To exercise safely, listen to your body and take breaks if needed. Stay hydrated and avoid strenuous activities if you feel unwell. If you have concerns about exercising while on Nitazoxanide, talk with your doctor.
Is it safe to stop Nitazoxanide?
Nitazoxanide is usually prescribed for short-term use to treat acute infections. It's important to complete the full course of treatment as prescribed by your doctor, even if you start feeling better. Stopping the medication early can lead to incomplete treatment and the return of the infection. If you have concerns about continuing Nitazoxanide, talk with your doctor. They can advise you on the best course of action and ensure your treatment is effective.
Is Nitazoxanide addictive?
Nitazoxanide is not addictive or habit-forming. It does not cause dependency or withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking it. This medication works by targeting specific infections in the body and does not affect brain chemistry in ways that could lead to addiction. You won't experience cravings for Nitazoxanide or feel compelled to take more than prescribed. If you have concerns about medication dependence, you can feel confident that Nitazoxanide doesn't carry this risk.
Is Nitazoxanide safe for the elderly?
Clinical studies did not include enough elderly subjects to determine if they respond differently from younger patients. Elderly patients may have decreased liver, kidney, or heart function, which should be considered when prescribing Nitazoxanide. Always consult a doctor for personalized advice.
What are the most common side effects of Nitazoxanide?
Side effects are unwanted reactions that can happen when taking a medication. With Nitazoxanide, common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. These effects are usually mild and temporary. If you experience these symptoms, they might be coincidental and unrelated to the medication. However, if they persist or worsen, talk with your doctor. They can help determine if the symptoms are related to Nitazoxanide and suggest ways to manage them.
Who should avoid taking Nitazoxanide?
Nitazoxanide should not be used if you are allergic to it or any of its ingredients. Serious allergic reactions, which cause rash, hives, or swelling that makes breathing difficult, require immediate medical help. Caution is needed in people with liver or kidney problems, as the medication may affect these organs. Always inform your doctor about your medical history and any other medications you are taking to ensure Nitazoxanide is safe for you.
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