Losartan
Hypertension, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ... show more
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
Definite
Pharmaceutical Class
Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blocker
Controlled Drug Substance
No
Losartan
Summary
Losartan is used to treat high blood pressure, which is hypertension, and to protect the kidneys in people with type 2 diabetes. It also helps reduce the risk of stroke in patients with high blood pressure and an enlarged heart.
Losartan works by blocking angiotensin II, which is a substance that causes blood vessels to tighten. This action helps relax and widen blood vessels, lowering blood pressure and improving blood flow.
The usual starting dose of Losartan for adults is 50 mg once daily, taken by mouth. Your doctor may adjust the dose based on your response, up to a maximum of 100 mg daily.
Common side effects of Losartan include dizziness, which is a feeling of lightheadedness, and fatigue, which is feeling unusually tired. These effects are usually mild and may improve over time.
Losartan is not safe during pregnancy, especially in the second and third trimesters, due to the risk of harm to the unborn baby. It can also cause high potassium levels, which is hyperkalemia, leading to muscle weakness or heart issues.
Indications and Purpose
How does Losartan work?
Losartan works by blocking the action of a substance called angiotensin II, which causes blood vessels to tighten. By blocking this action, Losartan helps relax and widen blood vessels, which lowers blood pressure and improves blood flow. Think of it like opening a valve to allow more water to flow through a pipe. This effect helps reduce the workload on the heart and can protect the kidneys in people with type 2 diabetes.
Is Losartan effective?
Losartan is effective for treating high blood pressure, which is hypertension, and can also help protect the kidneys in people with type 2 diabetes. It works by relaxing blood vessels, which lowers blood pressure and improves blood flow. Clinical studies show Losartan effectively reduces blood pressure and decreases the risk of stroke in patients with hypertension. It also slows the progression of kidney disease in diabetic patients. These results support Losartan's effectiveness in managing these conditions.
What is Losartan?
Losartan is a medication that belongs to a class called angiotensin II receptor blockers, which help relax blood vessels. It is primarily used to treat high blood pressure, which is hypertension, and can also protect the kidneys in people with type 2 diabetes. Losartan works by blocking a substance in the body that causes blood vessels to tighten, allowing blood to flow more easily. It may also be used to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with high blood pressure and an enlarged heart.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Losartan?
Losartan is usually a long-term medication for managing chronic conditions like high blood pressure, which is hypertension. You'll typically take Losartan every day as a lifelong treatment unless your doctor suggests otherwise. Stopping this medication without medical advice could cause your condition to worsen. How long you'll need this medication depends on your body's response, any side effects you experience, and changes in your overall health. Always talk with your doctor before changing or stopping your Losartan treatment.
How do I dispose of Losartan?
To dispose of Losartan, take it to a drug take-back program or collection site at a pharmacy or hospital. They will dispose of it properly to prevent harm to people or the environment. If you can't find a take-back program, you can throw it in the trash at home. First, mix it with something undesirable like used coffee grounds, seal it in a plastic bag, and then throw it away. This helps prevent accidental ingestion.
How do I take Losartan?
Take Losartan once daily, usually in the morning, with or without food. Swallow the tablet whole; do not crush it. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it's close to your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose. Do not take two doses at once. Avoid alcohol, as it can lower blood pressure too much. Follow your doctor's advice on diet and fluid intake while on Losartan.
How long does it take for Losartan to start working?
Losartan starts working within a few hours of taking it, but it may take several weeks to achieve its full therapeutic effect. The time it takes to work can vary based on individual factors like age, kidney function, and overall health. Regular monitoring of blood pressure helps track its effectiveness. Take Losartan exactly as prescribed for the best results. If you have concerns about how quickly it's working, talk with your doctor.
How should I store Losartan?
Store Losartan at room temperature, away from moisture and light. Keep it in a tightly closed container to protect it from damage. Avoid storing it in humid places like bathrooms, as moisture can affect its effectiveness. If your pills came in packaging that isn't child-resistant, transfer them to a container that children can't easily open. Always store Losartan out of children's reach to prevent accidental ingestion. Check the expiration date regularly and dispose of any unused or expired medication properly.
What is the usual dose of Losartan?
The usual starting dose of Losartan for adults is 50 mg once daily. Your doctor may adjust the dose based on your response and needs, up to a maximum of 100 mg daily. For certain conditions, like heart failure, the starting dose might be lower. Elderly patients or those with liver problems may require dose adjustments. Always follow your doctor's specific dosing instructions for your health needs.
Warnings and Precautions
Can I take Losartan with other prescription drugs?
Losartan can interact with other medications, increasing the risk of side effects. Combining it with potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics can raise potassium levels, leading to hyperkalemia. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may reduce its effectiveness and harm kidney function. Always inform your doctor about all medications you take to avoid interactions. They can help manage potential risks and ensure your treatment is safe and effective.
Can Losartan be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Losartan is not recommended while breastfeeding. There's limited information on whether it passes into breast milk, but it could potentially affect the nursing infant. If you're taking Losartan and wish to breastfeed, discuss with your doctor. They can suggest safer medication options that allow you to nurse your baby safely. Your doctor will help you weigh the benefits and risks to ensure the best outcome for both you and your baby.
Can Losartan be taken safely while pregnant?
Losartan is not safe during pregnancy, especially in the second and third trimesters. It can harm the developing baby, leading to kidney problems or even death. If you're pregnant or planning to become pregnant, talk to your doctor about safer alternatives to manage your blood pressure. Your doctor can help create a treatment plan that protects both you and your baby during pregnancy.
Does Losartan have adverse effects?
Adverse effects are unwanted reactions to a medication. Common adverse effects of Losartan include dizziness, which is a feeling of lightheadedness, and fatigue, which is feeling unusually tired. These effects are generally mild. Serious adverse effects, like high potassium levels or kidney problems, are rare but require immediate medical attention. If you notice any new or worsening symptoms, contact your doctor. They can help determine if Losartan is the cause and adjust your treatment if necessary.
Does Losartan have any safety warnings?
Yes, Losartan has safety warnings. It can cause high potassium levels, which is hyperkalemia, leading to muscle weakness or heart issues. It may also cause low blood pressure, especially if dehydrated. Not following these warnings can lead to serious health problems. Always inform your doctor about any other medications or supplements you take to avoid interactions. Regular monitoring of blood pressure and kidney function is important while on Losartan.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Losartan?
It's best to limit alcohol while taking Losartan. Alcohol can lower blood pressure further, increasing the risk of dizziness or fainting. It can also affect how well Losartan works. If you choose to drink, do so in moderation and be aware of how your body responds. Talk with your doctor about alcohol use while taking Losartan to get personalized advice based on your specific health situation.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Losartan?
Yes, you can exercise while taking Losartan. However, be cautious as it can lower blood pressure, which might cause dizziness or lightheadedness during physical activity. To exercise safely, stay hydrated and avoid sudden changes in position. If you feel dizzy or unusually tired, stop exercising and rest. Most people can maintain their regular exercise routine while taking Losartan, but check with your doctor if you have concerns about your specific situation.
Is it safe to stop Losartan?
Stopping Losartan suddenly can cause your blood pressure to rise, which may increase the risk of heart attack or stroke. It's important to talk to your doctor before stopping the medication. They may suggest gradually reducing the dose or switching to another medication to manage your condition safely. Your doctor will help you make any medication changes to protect your health and ensure your treatment remains effective.
Is Losartan addictive?
Losartan is not addictive or habit-forming. It does not cause dependency or withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking it. Losartan works by relaxing blood vessels to lower blood pressure, which does not affect brain chemistry in ways that could lead to addiction. You won't experience cravings for this medication or feel compelled to take more than prescribed. If you have concerns about medication dependence, Losartan does not carry this risk.
Is Losartan safe for the elderly?
Elderly individuals are more vulnerable to the side effects of Losartan, such as dizziness or low blood pressure, which can increase the risk of falls. Losartan is generally safe for the elderly, but they may require lower doses and careful monitoring. Regular check-ups with a doctor are important to ensure the medication is working effectively and safely. If you have concerns, discuss them with your healthcare provider.
What are the most common side effects of Losartan?
Side effects are unwanted reactions to a medication. Common side effects of Losartan include dizziness, which affects about 3% of users, and fatigue. These effects are usually mild and may improve as your body adjusts to the medication. If you experience dizziness, try getting up slowly from sitting or lying positions. If side effects persist or worsen, talk to your doctor. They can help determine if Losartan is the cause and suggest ways to manage these effects.
Who should avoid taking Losartan?
Do not take Losartan if you're allergic to it or its ingredients. It's contraindicated in pregnancy, especially in the second and third trimesters, due to the risk of harm to the unborn baby. People with severe kidney or liver problems should use it cautiously. Always inform your doctor about your medical history and any other medications you take. They can help determine if Losartan is safe for you and monitor for any potential risks.
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