Lamivudine
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
Hepatitis B Virus Nucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Nucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
Controlled Drug Substance
No
Lamivudine
Summary
Lamivudine is used to treat HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) and chronic Hepatitis B. It helps control the HIV infection and prevents complications like AIDS. In Hepatitis B, it reduces liver inflammation and slows the disease's progression.
Lamivudine is an antiviral medication. It works by blocking an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, which viruses like HIV and Hepatitis B need to reproduce. By preventing viral replication, it reduces the levels of the virus in the body, helping control the infection and protect the immune system.
For HIV, adults usually take 300 mg of Lamivudine once daily or 150 mg twice daily. For Hepatitis B, the typical dose is 100 mg once daily. The medicine can be taken with or without food.
Common side effects of Lamivudine include nausea, diarrhea, headache, and fatigue. Some people may also experience mood changes, sleep disturbances, and concentration problems.
People allergic to Lamivudine should not take it. It should be used with caution in those with kidney disease, liver disease, or pancreatitis. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult a doctor. Those with HIV and Hepatitis B co-infection need special monitoring.
Indications and Purpose
How does Lamivudine work?
Lamivudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). It works by blocking an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, which viruses like HIV and hepatitis B need to reproduce. By preventing viral replication, it helps control the infection and protect the immune system from damage.
Is Lamivudine effective?
Yes, lamivudine is highly effective when taken correctly. Studies show it significantly reduces HIV viral load and improves immune function. For hepatitis B, it reduces liver inflammation and slows disease progression. However, drug resistance can develop, especially if doses are missed, making regular monitoring essential.
What is Lamivudine?
Lamivudine is an antiviral medication used to treat HIV infection and hepatitis B. It works by blocking the virus's ability to replicate, reducing its levels in the body. While it does not cure these infections, it helps improve immune function, slow disease progression, and lower the risk of complications. It is often combined with other antiviral drugs.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Lamivudine?
Lamivudine is usually taken long-term, as stopping it can lead to viral resistance or worsening symptoms. For HIV, it is taken for life, along with other antiretroviral drugs. For hepatitis B, treatment duration depends on disease progression and response to therapy, often lasting for several months to years.
How do I take Lamivudine?
Lamivudine can be taken with or without food. Swallow the tablet whole with water. If using a liquid form, measure it carefully with a dosing syringe. Do not skip doses, as this can make the virus resistant to the medication. Avoid alcohol, as it may worsen liver function, especially in hepatitis B patients.
How long does it take for Lamivudine to start working?
Lamivudine starts working within a few hours after the first dose, but significant benefits take weeks to months. For HIV, viral load reduction can be seen in 2 to 4 weeks. For hepatitis B, liver enzyme levels improve within a few months, but full benefits may take longer.
How should I store Lamivudine?
Store lamivudine at room temperature (20-25°C) in a dry place, away from heat, light, and moisture. Keep it in its original packaging and out of reach of children. Do not use expired medication. If using the liquid form, follow storage instructions on the label.
What is the usual dose of Lamivudine?
For HIV, adults usually take 300 mg once daily or 150 mg twice daily. For hepatitis B, the typical dose is 100 mg once daily. Pediatric doses vary based on weight. Always follow your doctor’s prescription, as incorrect dosing can lead to resistance or reduced effectiveness.
Warnings and Precautions
Can I take Lamivudine with other prescription drugs?
Lamivudine interacts with some antivirals, antibiotics, and kidney-affecting drugs. It should not be combined with other lamivudine-containing medications to avoid overdose. Always inform your doctor about any medications, including over-the-counter drugs, to prevent harmful interactions.
Can Lamivudine be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Breastfeeding is not recommended for HIV-positive mothers taking lamivudine, as the virus can pass to the baby through breast milk. However, in hepatitis B, breastfeeding is generally considered safe if the baby receives the hepatitis B vaccine at birth. Consult a doctor for guidance.
Can Lamivudine be taken safely while pregnant?
Yes, lamivudine is generally safe during pregnancy and is often used to prevent HIV transmission to the baby. However, the risks and benefits should be discussed with a doctor. Pregnant women with hepatitis B may need continued monitoring to ensure safe use.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Lamivudine?
It is not recommended to drink alcohol while taking lamivudine, especially for hepatitis B patients, as both can damage the liver. In HIV patients, alcohol may weaken the immune system and increase side effects like dizziness or nausea. If you choose to drink, do so in moderation and consult your doctor.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Lamivudine?
Yes, regular exercise is safe and beneficial while taking lamivudine. However, if you experience fatigue, dizziness, or muscle pain, take it easy and adjust your workout intensity. Staying hydrated and listening to your body is key. If severe weakness occurs, consult your doctor.
Is Lamivudine safe for the elderly?
Elderly patients can take lamivudine, but dose adjustments may be needed, especially if they have kidney problems. They may also be at higher risk of side effects, including fatigue, dizziness, and liver problems. Regular monitoring is necessary to ensure safety.
Who should avoid taking Lamivudine?
People allergic to lamivudine should not take it. It should be used with caution in those with kidney disease, liver disease, or pancreatitis. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult a doctor. Those with HIV and hepatitis B co-infection need special monitoring to avoid complications.
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