Hydroxychloroquine
Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ... show more
.svg)
Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
No
Pharmaceutical Class
Antimalarial and Antirheumatic Agent
Controlled Drug Substance
No
Hydroxychloroquine
Summary
Hydroxychloroquine is primarily used to treat malaria, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also used in treating discoid lupus, a type of lupus that primarily affects the skin, and sometimes used off-label for conditions like Sjögren's syndrome and other inflammatory diseases.
Hydroxychloroquine works by interfering with the normal functioning of cells, particularly the immune cells. It suppresses the overactive immune response in diseases like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, reduces the production of inflammatory chemicals, and prevents the immune system from attacking the body's own tissues. It also inhibits the growth of malaria parasites.
Hydroxychloroquine is typically dosed as 400 mg once a week for malaria prevention, and 800 mg initially for treatment followed by 400 mg for the next 2 days. For lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, 200-400 mg daily is common. It should be taken with food or milk, swallowing the tablet whole.
Common side effects of Hydroxychloroquine include nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, and diarrhea. Serious adverse effects can include retinal damage leading to vision problems or blindness, cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, and blood disorders like anemia. Rare but severe effects include hypoglycemia and severe skin reactions.
Hydroxychloroquine should be used with caution in individuals with preexisting heart conditions, liver or kidney disease, and vision problems. It is contraindicated in people with hypersensitivity to the drug, G6PD deficiency, and porphyria. It is also not recommended during pregnancy unless necessary, and should be avoided in breastfeeding mothers unless the benefit outweighs the risk. Regular eye exams are advised for long-term users.
Indications and Purpose
How does Hydroxychloroquine work?
Hydroxychloroquine works by modulating the immune system and reducing inflammation. It interferes with the communication between cells in the immune system, which helps decrease the overactive immune response seen in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. This action reduces symptoms like joint pain and swelling. Hydroxychloroquine also has antimalarial properties, making it effective in preventing and treating malaria.
Is Hydroxychloroquine effective?
Hydroxychloroquine is effective for treating conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and malaria. It works by modulating the immune system and reducing inflammation. Clinical studies support its effectiveness in managing symptoms and improving health outcomes in these conditions. Always follow your doctor's instructions and attend regular check-ups to monitor your progress and ensure the medication is working effectively for you.
What is Hydroxychloroquine?
Hydroxychloroquine is a medication used to treat conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and malaria. It belongs to a class of drugs called antimalarials. It works by modulating the immune system and reducing inflammation. Hydroxychloroquine is often used in combination with other therapies to manage these conditions effectively. Always follow your doctor's instructions when taking this medication.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Hydroxychloroquine?
Hydroxychloroquine is usually a long-term medication for managing chronic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. You'll typically take it every day as a lifelong treatment unless your doctor suggests otherwise. Stopping this medication without medical advice could cause your conditions to worsen. How long you'll need this medication depends on your body's response and any side effects you experience. Always talk with your doctor before changing or stopping your Hydroxychloroquine treatment.
How do I dispose of Hydroxychloroquine?
Dispose of Hydroxychloroquine by taking it to a drug take-back program or collection site at a pharmacy or hospital. If you can't find a take-back program, you can throw it in the trash at home. First, mix it with something undesirable like used coffee grounds, seal it in a plastic bag, and throw it away. This helps prevent harm to people and the environment.
How do I take Hydroxychloroquine?
Take Hydroxychloroquine exactly as prescribed by your doctor. It's usually taken once or twice daily, with food or milk to prevent stomach upset. Swallow the tablet whole; do not crush or chew it. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it's almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue your regular schedule. Do not take two doses at once. Always follow your doctor's specific instructions.
How long does it take for Hydroxychloroquine to start working?
Hydroxychloroquine may take several weeks to start working, especially for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. Full therapeutic effects might take several months. The time it takes to work can vary based on individual factors like your condition and overall health. Be patient and continue taking the medication as prescribed. Regular check-ups with your doctor will help monitor your progress and adjust treatment if needed.
How should I store Hydroxychloroquine?
Store Hydroxychloroquine at room temperature, away from moisture and light. Keep it in a tightly closed container. Do not store it in the bathroom, where humidity can affect the medication. Always keep it out of reach of children to prevent accidental ingestion. Check the expiration date regularly and properly dispose of any unused or expired medication.
What is the usual dose of Hydroxychloroquine?
The usual starting dose of Hydroxychloroquine for adults is 400 mg once or twice daily. For maintenance, the dose is often reduced to 200 mg once daily. The maximum recommended dose is 400 mg per day. Dose adjustments may be necessary for children or the elderly. Always follow your doctor's specific dosing instructions for your personal health needs.
Warnings and Precautions
Can Hydroxychloroquine be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Hydroxychloroquine is generally considered safe while breastfeeding. It passes into breast milk in small amounts, but no significant adverse effects have been reported in breastfed infants. Always discuss with your doctor before using Hydroxychloroquine while breastfeeding to ensure it's the best option for you and your baby. Your doctor can help monitor any potential effects on your infant.
Can Hydroxychloroquine be taken safely while pregnant?
Hydroxychloroquine is generally considered safe during pregnancy, especially for treating lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. However, it's important to weigh the benefits and risks with your doctor. Limited evidence exists on its absolute safety, but studies suggest it doesn't significantly increase the risk of birth defects. Always consult your doctor to create a treatment plan that protects both you and your baby.
Can I take Hydroxychloroquine with other prescription drugs?
Major drug interactions with Hydroxychloroquine include those with medications that affect heart rhythm, like amiodarone, which can increase the risk of QT prolongation. Moderate interactions include those with antacids, which can reduce Hydroxychloroquine's effectiveness. Always inform your doctor about all medications you're taking to avoid potential interactions and ensure safe and effective treatment.
Does Hydroxychloroquine have adverse effects?
Adverse effects are unwanted reactions to a medication. Common adverse effects of Hydroxychloroquine include nausea, stomach cramps, and diarrhea. Serious side effects can include vision changes, muscle weakness, and heart rhythm problems. If you notice any new or worsening symptoms, contact your doctor immediately. Regular monitoring by your healthcare provider can help manage any adverse effects and ensure safe use of the medication.
Does Hydroxychloroquine have any safety warnings?
Yes, Hydroxychloroquine has important safety warnings. It can cause serious eye problems, so regular eye exams are necessary. It may also affect heart rhythm, leading to a condition called QT prolongation, which can be serious. If you experience symptoms like dizziness, fainting, or fast heartbeat, seek medical help immediately. Always follow your doctor's advice and report any unusual symptoms while taking this medication.
Is Hydroxychloroquine addictive?
Hydroxychloroquine is not addictive or habit-forming. This medication doesn't cause dependency or withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking it. It works by affecting your immune system and doesn't impact brain chemistry in ways that could lead to addiction. You won't experience cravings for this medication or feel compelled to take more than prescribed. If you have concerns about medication dependence, Hydroxychloroquine doesn't carry this risk.
Is Hydroxychloroquine safe for the elderly?
Elderly individuals are more vulnerable to medication side effects due to age-related changes in the body. Hydroxychloroquine is generally safe for the elderly, but they may be at higher risk for heart rhythm problems and vision changes. Regular monitoring by a healthcare provider is important to manage these risks. Always follow your doctor's advice and report any unusual symptoms.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Hydroxychloroquine?
It's best to limit alcohol while taking Hydroxychloroquine. Alcohol can increase the risk of liver damage, which is a concern with this medication. Drinking alcohol may also worsen side effects like dizziness or stomach upset. If you choose to drink, do so in moderation and talk with your doctor about your alcohol use to get personalized advice based on your health situation.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Hydroxychloroquine?
You can exercise while taking Hydroxychloroquine, but be mindful of potential side effects. This medication can cause dizziness or muscle weakness, which might affect your exercise capacity. To exercise safely, start with light activities and gradually increase intensity. Stay hydrated and listen to your body. If you experience unusual fatigue or dizziness, stop exercising and rest. Consult your doctor if you have concerns.
Is it safe to stop Hydroxychloroquine?
Stopping Hydroxychloroquine suddenly can cause your condition to worsen. It's often used long-term for chronic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. If you stop taking it without medical advice, symptoms may return or worsen. Always talk with your doctor before stopping Hydroxychloroquine. They might suggest gradually reducing your dose or switching to a different medication to keep your condition under control.
What are the most common side effects of Hydroxychloroquine?
Side effects are unwanted reactions that can happen when taking a medication. Common side effects of Hydroxychloroquine include nausea, stomach cramps, and diarrhea. These effects vary from person to person. If you notice new symptoms after starting Hydroxychloroquine, they might be temporary or unrelated to the medication. Talk with your doctor before stopping any medication.
Who should avoid taking Hydroxychloroquine?
Don't take Hydroxychloroquine if you're allergic to it or its ingredients. It's contraindicated in people with retinal or visual field changes due to the drug. Caution is needed in those with heart rhythm problems, as it can cause QT prolongation. Always consult your doctor about these concerns and inform them of your medical history before starting Hydroxychloroquine.
Forms / Brands
