Ethinyl-estradiol + Norethindrone
Find more information about this combination medication at the webpages for norethindrone
Prostatic Neoplasms , Premature Menopause ... show more
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
No
Pharmaceutical Class
Estrogen and Progestin
Controlled Drug Substance
No
Summary
Ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone are used to prevent pregnancy. They also help regulate menstrual cycles, reduce menstrual cramps, and manage symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome, which is a hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries with small cysts. These medications are effective in providing contraception and improving menstrual-related conditions.
Ethinyl estradiol, a synthetic estrogen, regulates the menstrual cycle and prevents ovulation, which is the release of an egg from the ovary. Norethindrone, a synthetic progestin, also prevents ovulation and thickens cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to reach an egg. Together, they stop ovulation and create an inhospitable environment for fertilization.
The usual adult dose is one tablet daily, taken at the same time each day. Ethinyl estradiol is typically 20 to 35 micrograms, while norethindrone is 0.5 to 1 milligram. These substances are combined in a single pill for effective contraception. Consistency in taking the pill is crucial to maintain its effectiveness in preventing pregnancy.
Common side effects include nausea, headaches, and breast tenderness. Some users may experience mood changes or weight gain. Ethinyl estradiol may cause changes in menstrual flow, while norethindrone can lead to spotting between periods. Both substances share these side effects due to their hormonal nature, which affects the body's balance.
Warnings include an increased risk of blood clots, especially in smokers over 35. They are contraindicated in individuals with a history of blood clots, certain cancers, or liver disease. Ethinyl estradiol may increase blood pressure, while norethindrone can cause mood changes. Users should discuss their medical history with a healthcare provider to ensure safety.
Indications and Purpose
How does combination of Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone work?
The combination of Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone is used as a form of birth control. Ethinyl Estradiol is a synthetic version of estrogen, and Norethindrone is a synthetic form of progesterone. Together, they work to prevent pregnancy in several ways: 1. **Preventing Ovulation**: They stop the ovaries from releasing an egg each month. 2. **Thickening Cervical Mucus**: They make the mucus in the cervix thicker, which makes it harder for sperm to enter the uterus. 3. **Thinning the Uterine Lining**: They thin the lining of the uterus, making it less likely for a fertilized egg to attach and grow. These actions together effectively reduce the chance of pregnancy. It's important to take the medication as directed to maintain its effectiveness.
How effective is combination of Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone?
The combination of Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone is a highly effective form of birth control when taken correctly. According to the NHS, this combination works by preventing ovulation, which means it stops the ovaries from releasing an egg. It also thickens the mucus in the cervix, making it difficult for sperm to enter the uterus, and thins the lining of the uterus, reducing the likelihood of a fertilized egg implanting. When used perfectly, the effectiveness rate is over 99%, meaning fewer than 1 in 100 women will get pregnant each year. However, with typical use, which accounts for human error, the effectiveness is about 91%, meaning about 9 in 100 women may get pregnant each year. It's important to take the pill at the same time every day to maintain its effectiveness. Missing doses or taking certain medications can reduce its effectiveness, so it's crucial to follow the prescribed instructions carefully.
Directions for Use
What is the usual dose of combination of Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone?
The usual dose of the combination of Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone is typically one tablet taken orally once a day. Each tablet usually contains a specific amount of Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone, such as 0.035 mg of Ethinyl Estradiol and 1 mg of Norethindrone. It's important to take the tablet at the same time every day to maintain consistent hormone levels in the body. Always follow the specific dosing instructions provided by your healthcare provider or the information leaflet that comes with the medication.
How does one take combination of Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone?
The combination of Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone is typically taken orally in the form of a tablet. It is usually taken once daily, at the same time each day, to maintain consistent hormone levels in the body. This combination is used as a contraceptive to prevent pregnancy. It is important to follow the specific instructions provided by your healthcare provider or the instructions on the medication package. If you miss a dose, follow the guidance on what to do next, which is often included in the medication leaflet. Consistency is key for effectiveness, so try to take it at the same time every day.
For how long is combination of Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone taken?
The combination of Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone is typically taken in a cycle of 28 days. You take one pill daily for 21 days, followed by 7 days of either no pills or inactive pills, depending on the specific product. This cycle is repeated every month. It's important to follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider or the information on the medication package.
How long does it take for combination of Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone to work?
The combination of Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone, which is a type of birth control pill, typically starts to work within 7 days if you start taking it on the first day of your menstrual cycle. If you start taking it at any other time, it may take up to 7 days to become effective, so it's recommended to use an additional form of contraception, like condoms, during this initial period. This information is based on guidance from trusted sources like the NHS and NLM.
Warnings and Precautions
Are there harms and risks from taking combination of Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone?
Yes, there are potential harms and risks associated with taking a combination of Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone. These are hormones used in birth control pills and hormone replacement therapy. Common side effects can include nausea, headaches, breast tenderness, and mood changes. More serious risks, although less common, include an increased risk of blood clots, stroke, and heart attack, especially in smokers and women over 35. It's important to discuss your medical history with a healthcare provider to determine if this medication is safe for you.
Can I take combination of Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone with other prescription drugs?
When taking Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone, it's important to be cautious about interactions with other prescription drugs. These medications are a type of hormonal contraceptive, and certain drugs can affect how well they work or increase the risk of side effects. According to the NHS, some medications, such as certain antibiotics, anti-seizure medications, and herbal supplements like St. John's Wort, can reduce the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives. This means there is a higher risk of unintended pregnancy if these are taken together. The NLM also notes that other drugs might increase the levels of Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone in your body, potentially leading to more side effects. It's crucial to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications you are currently taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, to ensure there are no harmful interactions. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting or stopping any medication while on Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone to ensure safe and effective use.
Can I take combination of Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone if I am pregnant?
No, you should not take a combination of Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone if you are pregnant. These medications are types of hormonal contraceptives, which are used to prevent pregnancy. Taking them during pregnancy is not recommended as they are not needed and could potentially harm the developing baby. If you suspect you are pregnant, you should stop taking these medications and consult with your healthcare provider for further advice. [NHS](https://www.nhs.uk/) and [NLM](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/) provide more information on the use of medications during pregnancy.
Can I take combination of Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone while breastfeeding?
According to the NHS, it is generally advised to avoid taking combined hormonal contraceptives, like those containing Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone, while breastfeeding, especially in the first six weeks after birth. This is because these hormones can potentially reduce milk supply. If you need contraception while breastfeeding, it's best to discuss options with your healthcare provider, who may recommend alternatives that are more suitable during this period.
Who should avoid taking combination of Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone?
People who should avoid taking the combination of Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone include: 1. **Pregnant Women**: This combination is not suitable for use during pregnancy. 2. **Individuals with Blood Clotting Disorders**: Those with a history of blood clots or conditions that increase the risk of blood clots should avoid this medication. 3. **People with Certain Cancers**: Individuals with a history of breast cancer or other hormone-sensitive cancers should not take this combination. 4. **Smokers Over 35**: Women over the age of 35 who smoke are at increased risk of serious cardiovascular side effects. 5. **People with Liver Disease**: Those with liver disease or liver tumors should avoid this medication. 6. **Individuals with Uncontrolled High Blood Pressure**: High blood pressure that is not well-managed can be a contraindication. 7. **People with Migraines**: Especially those who experience migraines with aura, as it can increase the risk of stroke. It is important to consult a healthcare provider to determine if this medication is safe for you, considering your personal health history and conditions.
