Eltrombopag
Anemia, Aplastic, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
NO
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonist
Controlled Drug Substance
NO
Eltrombopag
Summary
Eltrombopag is used to treat low platelet counts in conditions like chronic immune thrombocytopenia, chronic hepatitis C-associated thrombocytopenia, and severe aplastic anemia.
Eltrombopag works by stimulating the bone marrow to produce more platelets, which helps reduce the risk of bleeding. It's a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, meaning it mimics the action of a natural protein that regulates platelet production.
For adults with immune thrombocytopenia, the usual starting dose is 50 mg once daily. For children, the starting dose varies between 25 mg and 50 mg once daily. The dose may be adjusted based on platelet count response.
Common side effects of Eltrombopag include nausea, diarrhea, headache, and fatigue. Serious adverse effects can include liver toxicity, thromboembolic events, and cataracts.
Eltrombopag carries important warnings including the risk of liver toxicity and the potential for thromboembolic events. It's contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug or its components. Regular monitoring of liver function and platelet counts is essential.
Indications and Purpose
How does Eltrombopag work?
Eltrombopag is a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, which means it stimulates the thrombopoietin receptor in the bone marrow. This action promotes the proliferation and differentiation of megakaryocytes, the cells responsible for producing platelets. By increasing the production of platelets, Eltrombopag helps to reduce the risk of bleeding in patients with low platelet counts due to various conditions.
How does one know if Eltrombopag is working?
The benefit of Eltrombopag is evaluated through regular monitoring of platelet counts and liver function tests. Healthcare providers will assess whether the medication is effectively increasing platelet counts to a safe level to reduce the risk of bleeding. They will also monitor for any side effects or adverse reactions. Adjustments to the dosage may be made based on these evaluations to ensure the medication is providing the intended benefit while minimizing risks.
Is Eltrombopag effective?
Eltrombopag has been shown to be effective in increasing platelet counts in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), chronic hepatitis C-associated thrombocytopenia, and severe aplastic anemia. Clinical trials have demonstrated that Eltrombopag can help maintain platelet counts at levels that reduce the risk of bleeding. In studies, patients treated with Eltrombopag achieved higher platelet counts compared to those receiving placebo, supporting its efficacy in managing these conditions.
What is Eltrombopag?
Eltrombopag is used to treat low platelet counts in conditions like chronic immune thrombocytopenia, chronic hepatitis C-associated thrombocytopenia, and severe aplastic anemia. It works by stimulating the bone marrow to produce more platelets, which helps reduce the risk of bleeding. Eltrombopag is a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, meaning it mimics the action of a natural protein that regulates platelet production.
What is Eltrombopag used for?
Eltrombopag is indicated for the treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in patients who have not responded adequately to other treatments. It is also used to manage thrombocytopenia in patients with chronic hepatitis C to allow for the initiation and maintenance of interferon-based therapy. Additionally, Eltrombopag is used in the treatment of severe aplastic anemia in patients who have not responded to other therapies.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Eltrombopag?
Eltrombopag is typically used as long as it is effective and necessary to maintain a safe platelet count. The duration of use can vary widely depending on the condition being treated and the patient's response. For some, it may be a long-term treatment, while others may use it for a shorter period. Regular monitoring by a healthcare provider is essential to determine the appropriate duration of therapy.
How do I take Eltrombopag?
Eltrombopag should be taken on an empty stomach, at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after eating. It is important to avoid foods high in calcium, such as dairy products and calcium-fortified juices, around the time of taking Eltrombopag, as they can interfere with its absorption. Always follow your healthcare provider's instructions regarding dosage and timing to ensure the medication is effective.
How long does it take for Eltrombopag to start working?
Eltrombopag typically begins to increase platelet counts within 1 to 2 weeks of starting treatment. However, the time it takes to see a noticeable effect can vary depending on the individual and the condition being treated. Regular monitoring by a healthcare provider will help determine how well the medication is working and whether any adjustments to the dosage are needed.
How should I store Eltrombopag?
Eltrombopag should be stored at room temperature, between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C). It should be kept in its original container, tightly closed, and away from excess heat and moisture. Do not store it in the bathroom. If the medication comes with a desiccant packet, leave it in the bottle to help keep the medication dry, but be careful not to swallow it. Always keep Eltrombopag out of reach of children.
What is the usual dose of Eltrombopag?
For adults with immune thrombocytopenia, the usual starting dose is 50 mg once daily. For children aged 6 to 17 years, the starting dose is also 50 mg once daily, while for children aged 1 to 5 years, the starting dose is 25 mg once daily. The dose may be adjusted based on platelet count response, but should not exceed 75 mg daily. For chronic hepatitis C-associated thrombocytopenia, the starting dose is 25 mg once daily, with adjustments based on platelet count. Always follow your doctor's specific dosage instructions.
Warnings and Precautions
Can Eltrombopag be taken safely while breastfeeding?
It is not known whether Eltrombopag is excreted in human milk, and there is a potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants. Therefore, breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with Eltrombopag. Mothers should discuss the potential risks and benefits with their healthcare provider to make an informed decision about whether to discontinue breastfeeding or the medication.
Can Eltrombopag be taken safely while pregnant?
There is limited data on the use of Eltrombopag during pregnancy, and its effects on the fetus are not well established. Animal studies have shown potential risks, such as embryolethality and reduced fetal weights at high doses. Therefore, Eltrombopag should only be used during pregnancy if the potential benefits justify the potential risks to the fetus. Women of childbearing potential should use effective contraception during treatment and consult their healthcare provider for personalized advice.
Can I take Eltrombopag with other prescription drugs?
Eltrombopag can interact with medications that contain polyvalent cations, such as antacids, calcium supplements, and certain mineral supplements, which can reduce its absorption. It may also interact with statins, potentially increasing the risk of side effects. Patients should take Eltrombopag at least 2 hours before or 4 hours after these products. It's important to inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are taking to avoid potential interactions.
Can I take Eltrombopag with vitamins or supplements?
Eltrombopag can interact with supplements containing polyvalent cations, such as calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc, which can reduce its absorption. To avoid this interaction, Eltrombopag should be taken at least 2 hours before or 4 hours after consuming these supplements. It's important to inform your healthcare provider about all vitamins and supplements you are taking to ensure safe and effective use of Eltrombopag.
Is Eltrombopag safe for the elderly?
Eltrombopag can be used in elderly patients, but caution is advised due to the potential for increased sensitivity to the drug. Elderly patients may have a higher risk of side effects, including liver function abnormalities and thromboembolic events. Regular monitoring of liver function and platelet counts is recommended. It's important for elderly patients to discuss their overall health and any other medications they are taking with their healthcare provider to ensure safe use of Eltrombopag.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Eltrombopag?
Eltrombopag does not specifically limit the ability to exercise. However, if you experience side effects such as fatigue or muscle aches, these may impact your ability to engage in physical activity. It's important to listen to your body and adjust your exercise routine as needed. If you have concerns about exercising while taking Eltrombopag, discuss them with your healthcare provider for personalized advice.
Who should avoid taking Eltrombopag?
Eltrombopag carries important warnings, including the risk of liver toxicity and the potential for thromboembolic events. Patients with chronic hepatitis C and cirrhosis may be at increased risk for hepatic decompensation. Regular monitoring of liver function and platelet counts is essential. Eltrombopag is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug or its components. Patients should also avoid taking Eltrombopag with foods high in calcium, as this can affect absorption.
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