Dronabinol
Nausea, Anorexia ... show more
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA)
WHO Essential Medicine
NO
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
Cannabinoid
Controlled Drug Substance
NO
Dronabinol
Summary
Dronabinol is used to treat nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy and to stimulate appetite in patients with AIDS-related anorexia.
Dronabinol works by interacting with cannabinoid receptors in the brain. These receptors control nausea, vomiting, and appetite. By binding to these receptors, Dronabinol helps reduce nausea and vomiting and stimulates appetite.
For appetite stimulation in AIDS patients, the starting dose is typically 2.5 mg twice daily. For nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy, the starting dose is 5 mg/m2 taken 1 to 3 hours before chemotherapy and then every 2 to 4 hours after chemotherapy.
Common side effects of Dronabinol include dizziness, drowsiness, mood changes, and changes in perception. Gastrointestinal side effects like nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain may also occur.
Dronabinol can cause neuropsychiatric adverse reactions like mania, depression, or schizophrenia. It can also cause cognitive impairment and changes in blood pressure and heart rate. It is not recommended for patients with a history of hypersensitivity to the drug or its ingredients, including sesame oil.
Indications and Purpose
How does Dronabinol work?
Dronabinol is a synthetic cannabinoid that acts on the central nervous system by interacting with cannabinoid receptors. These receptors are involved in regulating nausea, vomiting, and appetite. By binding to these receptors, Dronabinol helps reduce nausea and vomiting and stimulates appetite, providing relief for patients undergoing chemotherapy or experiencing AIDS-related anorexia.
Is Dronabinol effective?
Dronabinol has been shown to be effective in treating anorexia associated with weight loss in AIDS patients and nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy in patients who have not responded to conventional treatments. Clinical studies have demonstrated its ability to stimulate appetite and reduce nausea, providing significant benefits for these patient populations.
What is Dronabinol?
Dronabinol is used to treat nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy and to stimulate appetite in patients with AIDS-related anorexia. It works by affecting the brain areas that control nausea, vomiting, and appetite, as it is a cannabinoid. By interacting with cannabinoid receptors, it helps reduce symptoms and improve quality of life for patients undergoing these treatments.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Dronabinol?
The duration of Dronabinol use depends on the condition being treated and the patient's response to the medication. For chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, it is typically used during the chemotherapy cycle. For appetite stimulation in AIDS patients, it may be used for a longer period, as long as the benefits outweigh the risks. Always follow your doctor's guidance on the duration of use.
How do I take Dronabinol?
Dronabinol capsules should be taken with or without food, but the first dose of the solution should be taken on an empty stomach at least 30 minutes before eating. Subsequent doses can be taken with or without food. Avoid grapefruit or grapefruit juice while taking Dronabinol, as it can affect the medication's metabolism. Always follow your doctor's instructions regarding dosage and timing.
How long does it take for Dronabinol to start working?
Dronabinol typically starts working within 0.5 to 1 hour after oral administration, with peak effects occurring at 2 to 4 hours. The duration of its psychoactive effects is about 4 to 6 hours, but the appetite-stimulating effects may last for 24 hours or longer. If you do not notice any improvement in your symptoms, consult your doctor for further evaluation.
How should I store Dronabinol?
Dronabinol capsules should be stored in a cool environment between 46°F and 59°F (8°C and 15°C) or in the refrigerator. They should be kept in a tightly closed container, away from heat, direct light, and moisture. The solution should be stored in the refrigerator before opening and can be kept at room temperature for up to 28 days after opening. Keep all forms of Dronabinol out of reach of children.
What is the usual dose of Dronabinol?
The usual adult dose for Dronabinol varies based on the condition being treated. For appetite stimulation in AIDS patients, the starting dose is typically 2.5 mg twice daily, one hour before lunch and dinner. For nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy, the starting dose is 5 mg/m2, taken 1 to 3 hours before chemotherapy and then every 2 to 4 hours after chemotherapy, up to 4 to 6 doses per day. The maximum dose is 15 mg/m2 per dose. Dronabinol is not recommended for children as its safety and effectiveness have not been established in pediatric patients.
Warnings and Precautions
Can Dronabinol be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Breastfeeding is not recommended while taking Dronabinol, especially for HIV-infected mothers, as they can transmit the virus through breast milk. There is limited data on the presence of Dronabinol in human milk, but due to potential adverse effects on the infant, it is advised to avoid breastfeeding during treatment and for 9 days after the last dose. Consult your doctor for guidance on feeding your baby safely.
Can Dronabinol be taken safely while pregnant?
Dronabinol is not recommended for use during pregnancy due to potential risks to the fetus. Although there is limited data on synthetic cannabinoids, cannabis use during pregnancy has been associated with adverse fetal outcomes. Animal studies have shown potential risks, including decreased maternal weight gain and increased fetal mortality. Pregnant women should avoid using Dronabinol and consult their doctor for safer alternatives.
Can I take Dronabinol with other prescription drugs?
Dronabinol can interact with other medications that affect the central nervous system, such as CNS depressants, which may increase the risk of dizziness, confusion, and sedation. It is also metabolized by CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 enzymes, so inhibitors of these enzymes may increase Dronabinol levels, while inducers may decrease its effectiveness. Patients should inform their doctor of all medications they are taking to avoid potential interactions.
Is Dronabinol safe for the elderly?
Elderly patients may be more sensitive to the neuropsychiatric and postural hypotensive effects of Dronabinol. It is recommended to start with a lower dose and monitor closely for side effects such as dizziness, confusion, and falls. Elderly patients with dementia are at increased risk for falls, so precautions should be taken. Consult your doctor for personalized advice and monitoring.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Dronabinol?
Drinking alcohol while taking Dronabinol is not recommended. Alcohol can worsen the side effects of Dronabinol, such as dizziness, confusion, and drowsiness. It may also increase the risk of psychiatric symptoms. Therefore, it is advised to avoid alcohol consumption during treatment with Dronabinol to ensure safety and effectiveness.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Dronabinol?
Dronabinol can cause side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, and changes in mood or perception, which may limit your ability to exercise safely. It is important to understand how Dronabinol affects you before engaging in physical activities. If you experience any side effects that impair your ability to exercise, consult your doctor for advice.
Who should avoid taking Dronabinol?
Important warnings for Dronabinol include the risk of neuropsychiatric adverse reactions, such as exacerbation of mania, depression, or schizophrenia. It can also cause cognitive impairment and hemodynamic instability, such as changes in blood pressure and heart rate. Dronabinol is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to the drug or its ingredients, including sesame oil. Patients with a history of substance abuse should be monitored closely for signs of misuse.