Disulfiram
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
NO
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitor
Controlled Drug Substance
No
disulfiram
Summary
Disulfiram is used to help treat chronic alcoholism, which is a long-term addiction to alcohol. It is part of a comprehensive treatment plan that includes counseling and support to help individuals stop drinking alcohol and maintain abstinence.
Disulfiram works by blocking an enzyme called aldehyde dehydrogenase, which helps break down alcohol in the body. When this enzyme is blocked, a substance called acetaldehyde builds up, causing unpleasant reactions like nausea and flushing, which deter people from drinking alcohol.
Disulfiram is usually taken as a tablet once daily, typically in the morning. The starting dose for adults is 500 mg daily for 1 to 2 weeks, then reduced to a maintenance dose of 250 mg daily. It should be taken with or without food, but not crushed or chewed.
Common side effects of Disulfiram include drowsiness, headache, and a metallic taste in the mouth. These effects vary from person to person and are generally mild. If you experience severe or persistent symptoms, it's important to talk to your doctor.
Disulfiram can cause severe reactions if alcohol is consumed, leading to symptoms like nausea and difficulty breathing. It should not be used by people with severe heart disease, psychosis, or known hypersensitivity to the drug. Regular liver function tests are recommended due to the risk of liver damage.
Indications and Purpose
How does Disulfiram work?
Disulfiram works by blocking an enzyme called aldehyde dehydrogenase, which is involved in metabolizing alcohol. Normally, this enzyme helps break down alcohol in the body. When Disulfiram blocks it, a substance called acetaldehyde builds up, causing unpleasant reactions like nausea and flushing. This reaction deters people from drinking alcohol. Think of it like a safety mechanism that discourages alcohol consumption by making it uncomfortable. Disulfiram is used to support abstinence from alcohol as part of a comprehensive treatment plan.
Is Disulfiram effective?
Disulfiram is effective in helping people maintain abstinence from alcohol. It works by causing unpleasant reactions when alcohol is consumed, which discourages drinking. Studies show that Disulfiram can be effective when used as part of a comprehensive treatment plan, including counseling and support. The effectiveness of Disulfiram depends on the individual's commitment to treatment and adherence to the medication regimen. Regular follow-up with your healthcare provider is important to monitor progress and make any necessary adjustments.
What is Disulfiram?
Disulfiram is a medication used to support the treatment of chronic alcoholism. It belongs to a class of drugs called aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors. Disulfiram works by blocking an enzyme involved in metabolizing alcohol, causing unpleasant reactions when alcohol is consumed. This helps deter people from drinking. Disulfiram is used as part of a comprehensive treatment plan, including counseling and support, to help individuals maintain abstinence from alcohol.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Disulfiram?
Disulfiram is usually taken long-term to support abstinence from alcohol. The duration of use depends on individual needs and response to treatment. Some people may take it for several months, while others may need it for a longer period. Your doctor will determine the appropriate duration based on your progress and any side effects you experience. Always talk with your doctor before changing or stopping your Disulfiram treatment.
How do I dispose of Disulfiram?
To dispose of Disulfiram, take it to a drug take-back program or collection site at a pharmacy or hospital. They will dispose of it properly to prevent harm to people or the environment. If you can't find a take-back program, you can throw it in the trash at home. First, remove it from its original container, mix it with something undesirable like used coffee grounds, seal the mixture in a plastic bag, and throw it away.
How do I take Disulfiram?
Take Disulfiram once daily, usually in the morning. You can take it with or without food. Do not crush or chew the tablet. Avoid alcohol while on this medication, as it can cause severe reactions. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it's almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue your regular schedule. Do not take two doses at once. Always follow your doctor's specific instructions regarding diet and fluid intake while taking Disulfiram.
How long does it take for Disulfiram to start working?
Disulfiram begins working in your body shortly after you take it. The medication causes unpleasant reactions if alcohol is consumed, which can happen within 10 to 30 minutes of drinking. The full therapeutic effect of Disulfiram is achieved when it helps you maintain abstinence from alcohol over time. The effectiveness of Disulfiram can depend on individual factors, such as adherence to the treatment plan and overall health. Always take it as prescribed for the best results.
How should I store Disulfiram?
Store Disulfiram at room temperature, away from moisture and light. Keep it in a tightly closed container to protect it from damage. Avoid storing it in humid places like bathrooms, where moisture in the air could affect how well the medication works. Always store Disulfiram out of children's reach to prevent accidental swallowing. Check the expiration date regularly and properly dispose of any unused or expired medication.
What is the usual dose of Disulfiram?
The usual starting dose of Disulfiram for adults is 500 mg once daily for 1 to 2 weeks. After this initial period, the dose is usually reduced to 250 mg daily. This maintenance dose can be adjusted based on individual needs and response. The maximum recommended dose is 500 mg daily. Disulfiram is not typically used in children. Elderly patients may require careful monitoring and dose adjustments. Always follow your doctor's specific dosing instructions for your health needs.
Warnings and Precautions
Can Disulfiram be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Disulfiram is not recommended while breastfeeding. There is limited information on whether it passes into human breast milk, but it may pose risks to the nursing infant. The effects on milk supply are also unknown. If you're taking Disulfiram and want to breastfeed, talk with your doctor about safer medication options that would allow you to nurse your baby safely. Your doctor can help determine the best approach for your situation.
Can Disulfiram be taken safely while pregnant?
Disulfiram is not recommended during pregnancy. There is limited evidence on its safety for pregnant women, and it may pose risks to the developing baby. Alcohol use during pregnancy can cause serious problems, including birth defects and developmental issues. If you're pregnant or planning to become pregnant, talk with your doctor about the safest way to manage alcohol use. Your doctor can help create a pregnancy-specific treatment plan that protects both you and your baby.
Can I take Disulfiram with other prescription drugs?
Disulfiram can interact with several prescription drugs. It can increase the effects of warfarin, a blood thinner, leading to a higher risk of bleeding. Disulfiram can also interact with phenytoin, an anti-seizure medication, increasing its levels in the blood. These interactions can increase the risk of adverse effects. Always inform your doctor about all medications you are taking to prevent interactions and ensure safe and effective treatment.
Does Disulfiram have adverse effects?
Adverse effects are unwanted reactions to a medication. With Disulfiram, common adverse effects include drowsiness, headache, and a metallic taste. These effects vary in frequency and severity. Serious adverse effects can include liver damage and severe allergic reactions, which require immediate medical attention. If you notice any new or worsening symptoms while taking Disulfiram, contact your doctor. They can help determine if these symptoms are related to the medication and recommend appropriate actions.
Does Disulfiram have any safety warnings?
Yes, Disulfiram has important safety warnings. It can cause a severe reaction if you consume alcohol, leading to symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and difficulty breathing. This reaction can occur even with small amounts of alcohol. Disulfiram can also cause liver damage, so regular liver function tests are recommended. Not adhering to these warnings can result in serious health consequences. Always follow your doctor's advice and avoid alcohol while taking Disulfiram.
Is Disulfiram addictive?
Disulfiram is not addictive or habit-forming. It doesn't cause dependency or withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking it. Disulfiram works by blocking an enzyme involved in alcohol metabolism, which doesn't affect brain chemistry in ways that could lead to addiction. You won't experience cravings for this medication or feel compelled to take more than prescribed. If you have concerns about medication dependence, you can feel confident that Disulfiram doesn't carry this risk while managing your health condition.
Is Disulfiram safe for the elderly?
Elderly individuals may be more vulnerable to the side effects of Disulfiram, such as liver damage and drowsiness. It's important for older adults to be closely monitored by their healthcare provider while taking this medication. Regular liver function tests and assessments of overall health are recommended. The benefits and risks of Disulfiram should be carefully considered in elderly patients, and dose adjustments may be necessary. Always consult your doctor before starting Disulfiram.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Disulfiram?
No, you should not drink alcohol while taking Disulfiram. This medication causes a severe reaction if alcohol is consumed, leading to symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and difficulty breathing. This reaction can occur even with small amounts of alcohol. It's important to avoid all forms of alcohol, including in foods and medications, while on Disulfiram. Talk with your doctor about any concerns or questions regarding alcohol use and Disulfiram.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Disulfiram?
Yes, you can exercise while taking Disulfiram. However, be aware that Disulfiram can cause drowsiness or dizziness in some people. These symptoms might affect your ability to exercise safely. To exercise safely, start with light activities and gradually increase intensity. Stay hydrated and listen to your body. If you feel dizzy or unusually tired, stop exercising and rest. Talk with your doctor if you have concerns about your specific situation.
Is it safe to stop Disulfiram?
It's important to consult your doctor before stopping Disulfiram. This medication is often used long-term to support alcohol abstinence. Stopping it suddenly may increase the risk of relapse into alcohol use. There are no withdrawal symptoms associated with stopping Disulfiram, but your doctor may suggest a gradual reduction or alternative treatments to maintain your progress. Always follow your doctor's guidance to ensure safe and effective management of your condition.
What are the most common side effects of Disulfiram?
Side effects are unwanted reactions that can happen when taking a medication. Common side effects of Disulfiram include drowsiness, headache, and a metallic taste in the mouth. These effects vary from person to person. If you notice new symptoms after starting Disulfiram, they might be temporary or unrelated to the medication. Talk with your doctor before stopping any medication. They can help determine if the side effects are related to Disulfiram and suggest ways to manage them.
Who should avoid taking Disulfiram?
Disulfiram should not be used by people with severe heart disease, psychosis, or known hypersensitivity to the drug. These are absolute contraindications, meaning the drug must not be used due to severe risks. Relative contraindications include liver disease and diabetes, where caution is needed, and the drug may be used only if benefits outweigh risks. Always consult your doctor about these concerns before starting Disulfiram.
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