Ciprofloxacin
Escherichia coli Infections, Infectious Arthritis ... show more
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
Fluoroquinolone Antibacterial
Controlled Drug Substance
NO
Ciprofloxacin
Summary
Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic used for treating various bacterial infections. These include respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, skin infections, gastrointestinal infections, and certain types of sexually transmitted infections like gonorrhea. It can also be used to treat or prevent anthrax and plague under specific circumstances.
Ciprofloxacin works by inhibiting bacterial enzymes known as DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. These enzymes are essential for bacterial DNA replication. By disrupting these processes, Ciprofloxacin effectively kills the bacteria, helping to clear the infection from the body.
For adults, the usual dose of Ciprofloxacin varies depending on the infection being treated, typically ranging from 250 mg to 750 mg every 12 hours. For children, the dose is often based on body weight, with a common range being 10-20 mg/kg per day divided into two doses. Ciprofloxacin is usually taken orally.
Common side effects of Ciprofloxacin include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and rash. Serious adverse effects can include tendinitis, tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and central nervous system effects such as seizures and hallucinations.
Ciprofloxacin carries important warnings including the risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and central nervous system effects. It is contraindicated in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to Ciprofloxacin or other quinolones, and in patients with myasthenia gravis. It should not be used with tizanidine due to the risk of increased side effects.
Indications and Purpose
How does Ciprofloxacin work?
Ciprofloxacin works by inhibiting bacterial enzymes called DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are essential for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. By disrupting these processes, Ciprofloxacin effectively kills the bacteria, helping to clear the infection from the body.
How does one know if Ciprofloxacin is working?
The benefit of Ciprofloxacin is evaluated through clinical improvement in symptoms and laboratory tests that confirm the eradication of the bacterial infection. Patients should notice an improvement in symptoms within a few days of starting treatment. If symptoms do not improve or worsen, it is important to contact a doctor for further evaluation and possible adjustment of treatment.
Is Ciprofloxacin effective?
Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that works by killing bacteria that cause infections. It is effective against a wide range of bacterial infections, including those of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin, and gastrointestinal system. Clinical studies and post-marketing experience have demonstrated its efficacy in treating these infections, although it is important to use it only for infections caused by bacteria susceptible to Ciprofloxacin to prevent antibiotic resistance.
What is Ciprofloxacin?
Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including those of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin, and gastrointestinal system. It works by inhibiting the enzymes necessary for bacterial DNA replication, effectively killing the bacteria. Ciprofloxacin is effective against a wide range of bacteria, but it should only be used for infections confirmed or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria to prevent resistance.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Ciprofloxacin?
The typical duration of Ciprofloxacin treatment depends on the type and severity of the infection. It can range from 3 days for uncomplicated infections to 14 days or more for more severe infections. Always follow your doctor's instructions regarding the length of treatment.
How do I dispose of Ciprofloxacin?
If you can, bring unused medicines to a drug take-back program or collection site at a pharmacy or hospital. They will dispose of this medicine properly so they don't harm people or the environment. If you can't find a take-back program, you can throw most medicines in the trash at home. But first, take them out of their original containers, mix them with something undesirable like used coffee grounds, seal the mixture in a plastic bag and throw it away.
How do I take Ciprofloxacin?
Ciprofloxacin can be taken with or without food, but it should not be taken with dairy products or calcium-fortified juices alone, as these can reduce its absorption. It is important to take Ciprofloxacin at the same times each day and to complete the full course of treatment, even if you feel better. Avoid taking antacids or supplements containing calcium, magnesium, or iron within 2 hours before or 6 hours after taking Ciprofloxacin.
How long does it take for Ciprofloxacin to start working?
Ciprofloxacin typically begins to work within a few days of starting treatment, with patients often noticing an improvement in symptoms during the first few days. However, it is important to complete the full course of treatment as prescribed by your doctor to ensure the infection is fully treated and to prevent antibiotic resistance.
How should I store Ciprofloxacin?
Ciprofloxacin tablets should be stored at room temperature, away from excess heat and moisture. The oral suspension should be stored in the refrigerator or at room temperature and used within 14 days. It should not be frozen. Always keep medications out of reach of children and dispose of any unused medication properly, preferably through a medicine take-back program.
What is the usual dose of Ciprofloxacin?
For adults, the usual dose of Ciprofloxacin varies depending on the infection being treated, typically ranging from 250 mg to 750 mg every 12 hours. For children, the dose is often based on body weight, with a common range being 10-20 mg/kg per day, divided into two doses. Always follow your doctor's specific instructions for dosage.
Warnings and Precautions
Can Ciprofloxacin be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Ciprofloxacin is excreted in breast milk, and due to the potential risk of serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants, it is recommended that breastfeeding be avoided during treatment and for at least 2 days after the last dose. Mothers may consider pumping and discarding breast milk during this time to maintain milk supply.
Can Ciprofloxacin be taken safely while pregnant?
Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. While animal studies have not shown direct harm, the effects on human fetal development are not well established. It is generally recommended to avoid using Ciprofloxacin during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary, and pregnant women should consult their doctor for personalized advice.
Can I take Ciprofloxacin with other prescription drugs?
Ciprofloxacin can interact with several prescription drugs, including tizanidine, which is contraindicated due to the risk of increased side effects. It can also interact with theophylline, leading to increased risk of side effects, and with anticoagulants, potentially increasing the risk of bleeding. Ciprofloxacin may also affect blood sugar levels when taken with oral antidiabetic drugs. Patients should inform their doctor of all medications they are taking to avoid potential interactions.
Does Ciprofloxacin have adverse effects?
Adverse effects are unwanted or harmful effects caused by a medication. Ciprofloxacin can cause nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, and headaches, which are relatively common. Rare but serious adverse effects include tendon rupture, nerve damage, and severe allergic reactions. If you experience symptoms like sudden pain, swelling, or difficulty breathing, seek medical attention immediately. Always report new symptoms to your healthcare provider and consult them before stopping the medication.
Does Ciprofloxacin have any safety warnings?
Ciprofloxacin comes with several safety warnings. It can increase the risk of tendon rupture, especially in older adults or those on corticosteroids. Watch for sudden pain or swelling in tendons. It may cause nerve damage, leading to tingling or numbness. If you experience these symptoms, contact your doctor immediately. Ciprofloxacin can also cause serious mood changes or seizures in some people. Always inform your healthcare provider of any unusual symptoms while taking this medication.
Is Ciprofloxacin addictive?
Ciprofloxacin is not addictive and has no known potential for dependence. There are no behaviors or warning signs of addiction associated with this medication. It's important to use ciprofloxacin only as prescribed by your healthcare provider and to complete the full course of treatment to ensure the infection is fully treated.
Is Ciprofloxacin safe for the elderly?
Elderly patients are at a higher risk of experiencing severe tendon disorders, including tendon rupture, when taking Ciprofloxacin. This risk is further increased if they are also taking corticosteroids. It is important for elderly patients to be closely monitored for any signs of tendon pain or swelling and to discontinue the medication if these symptoms occur. Additionally, elderly patients may be more susceptible to drug-associated effects on the QT interval, so caution should be taken when using Ciprofloxacin with other medications that can prolong the QT interval.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Ciprofloxacin?
Most people tolerate ciprofloxacin well, and occasional alcoholic drinks should not affect the way this medicine works. However, alcohol can increase the risk of side effects like dizziness or upset stomach. It's best to consume alcohol in moderation while taking ciprofloxacin. If you experience any unusual symptoms, consider reducing your alcohol intake and consult your healthcare provider.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Ciprofloxacin?
Ciprofloxacin can increase the risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture, which may limit your ability to exercise. If you experience pain, swelling, or inflammation in your tendons, stop exercising and consult your doctor immediately. It is important to avoid strenuous physical activity while taking this medication.
Is it safe to stop Ciprofloxacin?
Ciprofloxacin is typically used to treat temporary or acute conditions like infections. Stopping it abruptly can lead to the infection not being fully treated, which might cause it to return or worsen. There are no withdrawal symptoms, but incomplete treatment can lead to antibiotic resistance, making future infections harder to treat. Always consult your doctor before stopping the medication to ensure it's safe and appropriate to do so.
What are the most common side effects of Ciprofloxacin?
A side effect is an unwanted reaction to a medication. Common side effects of ciprofloxacin include nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, and trouble sleeping. These effects are usually mild and temporary. It's important to note that new symptoms can occur when starting any medication and may not be related to the medicine itself. Always talk to your healthcare provider before stopping ciprofloxacin if you experience side effects.
Who should avoid taking Ciprofloxacin?
Ciprofloxacin carries important warnings, including the risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and central nervous system effects. It is contraindicated in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to Ciprofloxacin or other quinolones. Patients with myasthenia gravis should avoid Ciprofloxacin as it may exacerbate muscle weakness. It should not be used with tizanidine due to the risk of increased side effects. Patients should be aware of the potential for serious side effects and seek medical attention if they experience symptoms such as tendon pain, numbness, or mood changes.
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