Ciprofloxacin
Escherichia coli Infections, Infectious Arthritis ... show more
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
Fluoroquinolone Antibacterial
Controlled Drug Substance
NO
Ciprofloxacin
Learn more about this medicine -
Click HereSummary
Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic used for treating various bacterial infections. These include respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, skin infections, gastrointestinal infections, and certain types of sexually transmitted infections like gonorrhea. It can also be used to treat or prevent anthrax and plague under specific circumstances.
Ciprofloxacin works by inhibiting bacterial enzymes known as DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. These enzymes are essential for bacterial DNA replication. By disrupting these processes, Ciprofloxacin effectively kills the bacteria, helping to clear the infection from the body.
For adults, the usual dose of Ciprofloxacin varies depending on the infection being treated, typically ranging from 250 mg to 750 mg every 12 hours. For children, the dose is often based on body weight, with a common range being 10-20 mg/kg per day divided into two doses. Ciprofloxacin is usually taken orally.
Common side effects of Ciprofloxacin include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and rash. Serious adverse effects can include tendinitis, tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and central nervous system effects such as seizures and hallucinations.
Ciprofloxacin carries important warnings including the risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and central nervous system effects. It is contraindicated in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to Ciprofloxacin or other quinolones, and in patients with myasthenia gravis. It should not be used with tizanidine due to the risk of increased side effects.
Indications and Purpose
What is Ciprofloxacin used for?
Ciprofloxacin is indicated for the treatment of various bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, skin infections, gastrointestinal infections, and certain types of sexually transmitted infections like gonorrhea. It is also used to treat or prevent anthrax and plague in specific circumstances. Ciprofloxacin should only be used for infections caused by bacteria that are susceptible to it.
How does Ciprofloxacin work?
Ciprofloxacin works by inhibiting bacterial enzymes called DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are essential for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. By disrupting these processes, Ciprofloxacin effectively kills the bacteria, helping to clear the infection from the body.
Is Ciprofloxacin effective?
Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that works by killing bacteria that cause infections. It is effective against a wide range of bacterial infections, including those of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin, and gastrointestinal system. Clinical studies and post-marketing experience have demonstrated its efficacy in treating these infections, although it is important to use it only for infections caused by bacteria susceptible to Ciprofloxacin to prevent antibiotic resistance.
How does one know if Ciprofloxacin is working?
The benefit of Ciprofloxacin is evaluated through clinical improvement in symptoms and laboratory tests that confirm the eradication of the bacterial infection. Patients should notice an improvement in symptoms within a few days of starting treatment. If symptoms do not improve or worsen, it is important to contact a doctor for further evaluation and possible adjustment of treatment.
Directions for Use
What is the usual dose of Ciprofloxacin?
For adults, the usual dose of Ciprofloxacin varies depending on the infection being treated, typically ranging from 250 mg to 750 mg every 12 hours. For children, the dose is often based on body weight, with a common range being 10-20 mg/kg per day, divided into two doses. Always follow your doctor's specific instructions for dosage.
How do I take Ciprofloxacin?
Ciprofloxacin can be taken with or without food, but it should not be taken with dairy products or calcium-fortified juices alone, as these can reduce its absorption. It is important to take Ciprofloxacin at the same times each day and to complete the full course of treatment, even if you feel better. Avoid taking antacids or supplements containing calcium, magnesium, or iron within 2 hours before or 6 hours after taking Ciprofloxacin.
For how long do I take Ciprofloxacin?
The typical duration of Ciprofloxacin treatment depends on the type and severity of the infection. It can range from 3 days for uncomplicated infections to 14 days or more for more severe infections. Always follow your doctor's instructions regarding the length of treatment.
How long does it take for Ciprofloxacin to start working?
Ciprofloxacin typically begins to work within a few days of starting treatment, with patients often noticing an improvement in symptoms during the first few days. However, it is important to complete the full course of treatment as prescribed by your doctor to ensure the infection is fully treated and to prevent antibiotic resistance.
How should I store Ciprofloxacin?
Ciprofloxacin tablets should be stored at room temperature, away from excess heat and moisture. The oral suspension should be stored in the refrigerator or at room temperature and used within 14 days. It should not be frozen. Always keep medications out of reach of children and dispose of any unused medication properly, preferably through a medicine take-back program.
Warnings and Precautions
Who should avoid taking Ciprofloxacin?
Ciprofloxacin carries important warnings, including the risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and central nervous system effects. It is contraindicated in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to Ciprofloxacin or other quinolones. Patients with myasthenia gravis should avoid Ciprofloxacin as it may exacerbate muscle weakness. It should not be used with tizanidine due to the risk of increased side effects. Patients should be aware of the potential for serious side effects and seek medical attention if they experience symptoms such as tendon pain, numbness, or mood changes.
Can I take Ciprofloxacin with other prescription drugs?
Ciprofloxacin can interact with several prescription drugs, including tizanidine, which is contraindicated due to the risk of increased side effects. It can also interact with theophylline, leading to increased risk of side effects, and with anticoagulants, potentially increasing the risk of bleeding. Ciprofloxacin may also affect blood sugar levels when taken with oral antidiabetic drugs. Patients should inform their doctor of all medications they are taking to avoid potential interactions.
Can I take Ciprofloxacin with vitamins or supplements?
Ciprofloxacin can interact with multivalent cation-containing products such as calcium, magnesium, and iron supplements, which can reduce its absorption and effectiveness. It is recommended to take Ciprofloxacin at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after these supplements. Patients should inform their doctor of any vitamins or supplements they are taking to avoid potential interactions.
Can Ciprofloxacin be taken safely while pregnant?
Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. While animal studies have not shown direct harm, the effects on human fetal development are not well established. It is generally recommended to avoid using Ciprofloxacin during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary, and pregnant women should consult their doctor for personalized advice.
Can Ciprofloxacin be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Ciprofloxacin is excreted in breast milk, and due to the potential risk of serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants, it is recommended that breastfeeding be avoided during treatment and for at least 2 days after the last dose. Mothers may consider pumping and discarding breast milk during this time to maintain milk supply.
Is Ciprofloxacin safe for the elderly?
Elderly patients are at a higher risk of experiencing severe tendon disorders, including tendon rupture, when taking Ciprofloxacin. This risk is further increased if they are also taking corticosteroids. It is important for elderly patients to be closely monitored for any signs of tendon pain or swelling and to discontinue the medication if these symptoms occur. Additionally, elderly patients may be more susceptible to drug-associated effects on the QT interval, so caution should be taken when using Ciprofloxacin with other medications that can prolong the QT interval.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Ciprofloxacin?
Ciprofloxacin can increase the risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture, which may limit your ability to exercise. If you experience pain, swelling, or inflammation in your tendons, stop exercising and consult your doctor immediately. It is important to avoid strenuous physical activity while taking this medication.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Ciprofloxacin?
From all available and reliable information, there is no confirmed data on this. Please consult a doctor for personalized advice.
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