Chlordiazepoxide
Anxiety Disorders, Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
NO
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
Benzodiazepine
Controlled Drug Substance
YES
Chlordiazepoxide
Summary
Chlordiazepoxide is used to treat anxiety disorders, withdrawal symptoms from alcohol, and anxiety before surgery.
Chlordiazepoxide works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in your brain. This neurotransmitter reduces nerve cell activity, leading to calming effects, reducing anxiety, inducing sedation, and reducing muscle spasms.
Chlordiazepoxide is taken orally. The starting dose for adults is 50-100 mg per day, which can be adjusted up to 300 mg per day if needed. Once symptoms are under control, the dose is reduced to the lowest effective amount. For elderly or debilitated patients, the starting dose is 10 mg or less per day.
Common side effects include feeling sleepy, having trouble moving, and confusion. In rare cases, it can cause serious problems like passing out, seizures, or even death.
Never take Chlordiazepoxide with opioids as it can lead to serious side effects like slowed breathing, coma, or even death. This medication can be addictive, and stopping suddenly can cause serious withdrawal symptoms which can be life-threatening.
Indications and Purpose
How does Chlordiazepoxide work?
Chlordiazepoxide works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps reduce neuronal excitability, leading to a calming effect on the nervous system. This action helps alleviate symptoms of anxiety and agitation, making it effective for short-term management of these conditions.
Is Chlordiazepoxide effective?
Chlordiazepoxide is a benzodiazepine that has been proven effective in relieving anxiety and controlling agitation caused by alcohol withdrawal. It works by decreasing abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Clinical evidence supports its use for these conditions, although its effectiveness for long-term use has not been systematically assessed. Regular evaluation by a healthcare provider is recommended to ensure its continued benefit.
What is Chlordiazepoxide?
Chlordiazepoxide is primarily used to relieve anxiety and control agitation caused by alcohol withdrawal. It belongs to the benzodiazepine class of medications and works by decreasing abnormal electrical activity in the brain, which helps calm the nervous system. It is also sometimes used to treat irritable bowel syndrome. Due to its potential for dependence, it is typically prescribed for short-term use.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Chlordiazepoxide?
Chlordiazepoxide is typically prescribed for short-term use, generally not exceeding 4 weeks. This includes the time needed to gradually taper off the medication to avoid withdrawal symptoms. Long-term use is not recommended due to the risk of dependence and other adverse effects. Always follow your healthcare provider's guidance on the duration of use.
How do I dispose of Chlordiazepoxide?
If you can, bring unused medicines to a drug take-back program or collection site at a pharmacy or hospital. They will dispose of this medicine properly so they don't harm people or the environment. If you can't find a take-back program, you can throw most medicines in the trash at home. But first, take them out of their original containers, mix them with something undesirable like used coffee grounds, seal the mixture in a plastic bag and throw it away.
How do I take Chlordiazepoxide?
Chlordiazepoxide can be taken with or without food, according to personal preference or as directed by a healthcare provider. There are no specific food restrictions associated with this medication. However, it is important to avoid alcohol, as it can increase the risk of serious side effects. Always follow the dosage instructions provided by your healthcare provider.
How long does it take for Chlordiazepoxide to start working?
Chlordiazepoxide typically begins to work within a few hours after taking a dose. The exact time can vary depending on individual factors such as metabolism and the specific condition being treated. For anxiety relief, patients may notice a calming effect relatively quickly, but it may take longer to see the full benefits for conditions like alcohol withdrawal.
How should I store Chlordiazepoxide?
Chlordiazepoxide should be stored in its original container, tightly closed, and kept out of reach of children. It should be stored at room temperature, away from excess heat and moisture, and not in the bathroom. Unneeded medication should be disposed of properly, preferably through a medicine take-back program, to prevent accidental ingestion by children or pets.
What is the usual dose of Chlordiazepoxide?
For adults, the usual daily dose of Chlordiazepoxide is 5 mg to 10 mg, taken 3 or 4 times daily. In some cases, the dose may be increased to 20 mg or 25 mg, 3 or 4 times daily, depending on the condition being treated. For children, Chlordiazepoxide is not recommended for use in those under 6 years of age. For older children, the dosage should be carefully adjusted by a healthcare provider.
Warnings and Precautions
Can Chlordiazepoxide be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with Chlordiazepoxide. The medication can pass into breast milk and may cause sedation, poor feeding, and withdrawal symptoms in infants. Mothers should discuss alternative treatments with their healthcare provider to ensure the safety of their child while managing their own health needs.
Can Chlordiazepoxide be taken safely while pregnant?
Chlordiazepoxide is not recommended during pregnancy, especially in the first and last trimesters, unless absolutely necessary. It can cause sedation and withdrawal symptoms in newborns. While some studies have suggested an increased risk of congenital malformations, the evidence is not consistent. Pregnant women should consult their healthcare provider to weigh the risks and benefits before using this medication.
Can I take Chlordiazepoxide with other prescription drugs?
Chlordiazepoxide can interact with several prescription drugs, leading to increased sedation and respiratory depression. Notable interactions include opioids, other benzodiazepines, and CNS depressants. It can also interact with medications that affect liver enzymes, such as cimetidine, which may enhance its effects. Patients should inform their healthcare provider of all medications they are taking to avoid harmful interactions.
Does Chlordiazepoxide have adverse effects?
Adverse effects are unwanted or harmful effects caused by a medicine. Chlordiazepoxide can cause drowsiness, dizziness, and confusion, which are common. Rare but serious effects include difficulty breathing, severe rash, or yellowing of the skin or eyes, which need immediate medical attention. Always report new symptoms to your doctor and consult them before stopping the medication.
Does Chlordiazepoxide have any safety warnings?
Chlordiazepoxide comes with safety warnings. It can cause drowsiness, so avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how it affects you. Mixing it with alcohol can increase drowsiness and dizziness. Be cautious if you have a history of substance abuse, as it can be habit-forming. Watch for signs of allergic reactions like rash or difficulty breathing, and seek medical help if they occur.
Is Chlordiazepoxide addictive?
Chlordiazepoxide can be habit-forming, meaning it has the potential for addiction. This happens because it affects brain chemicals that can lead to dependence. Warning signs include needing higher doses for the same effect or feeling anxious without it. To avoid addiction, follow your doctor's instructions, don't increase the dose on your own, and discuss any concerns with your healthcare provider.
Is Chlordiazepoxide safe for the elderly?
For elderly patients, Chlordiazepoxide should be used with caution. The dosage should be limited to the smallest effective amount to avoid oversedation or ataxia. Elderly individuals are more sensitive to the effects of this medication, and there is an increased risk of falls and cognitive impairment. Regular monitoring and dosage adjustments may be necessary to ensure safety.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Chlordiazepoxide?
Drinking alcohol while taking Chlordiazepoxide can significantly increase the risk of serious side effects, including severe drowsiness, breathing problems, and even coma. Alcohol can enhance the sedative effects of Chlordiazepoxide, making it unsafe to consume alcohol in any amount during treatment. It is crucial to avoid alcohol to ensure the safe and effective use of this medication.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Chlordiazepoxide?
Chlordiazepoxide can cause drowsiness, dizziness, and fatigue, which may limit your ability to exercise safely. It is important to understand how the medication affects you before engaging in physical activities. If you feel too drowsy or dizzy, it is best to avoid exercise until you have consulted with your healthcare provider for advice.
Is it safe to stop Chlordiazepoxide?
Chlordiazepoxide is often used for symptomatic relief, such as anxiety or alcohol withdrawal. Stopping it suddenly can lead to withdrawal symptoms like anxiety, irritability, or seizures. It's important to consult your doctor before stopping, as they may need to gradually reduce your dose to prevent these effects. Abrupt discontinuation can be dangerous, so always follow your healthcare provider's guidance.
What are the most common side effects of Chlordiazepoxide?
A side effect is an unwanted effect of a medicine. Common side effects of chlordiazepoxide include drowsiness, dizziness, and confusion. Less common are nausea and constipation. When starting a new medicine, you might notice new symptoms that could be unrelated or temporary. Always talk to your doctor before stopping any medication.
Who should avoid taking Chlordiazepoxide?
Chlordiazepoxide carries important warnings, including the risk of serious breathing problems, sedation, or coma when used with opioids. It can be habit-forming and should not be used with alcohol or street drugs. It is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug, severe liver disease, and certain psychiatric conditions. Abrupt discontinuation can lead to withdrawal symptoms, so dosage should be tapered gradually under medical supervision.
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