Azathioprine
Ulcerative Colitis, Rheumatoid Arthritis ... show more
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
No
Pharmaceutical Class
Purine Antimetabolite
Controlled Drug Substance
NO
Azathioprine
Summary
Azathioprine is used to treat autoimmune conditions, which are diseases where the immune system attacks healthy cells. These include rheumatoid arthritis, which causes joint pain and swelling, and inflammatory bowel disease, which affects the digestive tract.
Azathioprine works by suppressing the immune system, which is the body's defense against infections. This helps reduce inflammation, which is swelling and pain, and prevents flare-ups of symptoms in autoimmune conditions.
The usual starting dose of Azathioprine for adults is 1 to 3 mg per kilogram of body weight per day, taken once or twice daily. It is taken orally, which means by mouth, with or without food.
Common side effects of Azathioprine include nausea, which is feeling sick to your stomach, vomiting, which is throwing up, and loss of appetite, which means not feeling hungry.
Azathioprine can increase the risk of infections and certain cancers, like skin cancer. It should not be used if you are allergic to it or have severe liver disease, which affects the organ that processes medications.
Indications and Purpose
How does Azathioprine work?
Azathioprine works by suppressing the immune system, which is the body's defense against infections. It belongs to a class of drugs called immunosuppressants. Think of it like turning down the volume on a loudspeaker. Azathioprine reduces the activity of the immune system, which helps decrease inflammation and prevent flare-ups of symptoms in autoimmune conditions, which are diseases where the immune system attacks healthy cells. This makes it effective for managing conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.
Is Azathioprine effective?
Azathioprine is effective for treating autoimmune conditions, which are diseases where the immune system attacks healthy cells, such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. It works by suppressing the immune system to reduce inflammation and prevent flare-ups. Clinical studies show Azathioprine helps manage symptoms and improve quality of life for many patients. However, individual responses can vary. Regular monitoring by your doctor is important to ensure the medication is working effectively for your condition.
What is Azathioprine?
Azathioprine is a medication used to treat autoimmune conditions, which are diseases where the immune system attacks healthy cells, like rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. It belongs to a class of drugs called immunosuppressants, which work by reducing the activity of the immune system. This helps decrease inflammation and prevent flare-ups of symptoms. Azathioprine is often used in combination with other therapies to manage these conditions effectively. It's important to follow your doctor's instructions when taking this medication.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Azathioprine?
Azathioprine is usually a long-term medication for managing chronic conditions like autoimmune diseases, which are diseases where the immune system attacks healthy cells. You'll typically take Azathioprine every day as a lifelong treatment unless your doctor suggests otherwise. The duration of use depends on your body's response, any side effects you experience, and changes in your overall health. Always talk with your doctor before changing or stopping your Azathioprine treatment to ensure your condition remains under control.
How do I dispose of Azathioprine?
To dispose of Azathioprine, take it to a drug take-back program or collection site at a pharmacy or hospital. They will dispose of it properly to prevent harm to people or the environment. If you can't find a take-back program, you can throw it in the trash at home. First, remove it from its original container, mix it with something undesirable like used coffee grounds, seal the mixture in a plastic bag, and throw it away. This helps prevent accidental ingestion.
How do I take Azathioprine?
Take Azathioprine exactly as your doctor prescribes. It's usually taken once or twice daily, with or without food. Swallow the tablets whole; do not crush or chew them. Taking it with food may help reduce stomach upset. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it's almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue your regular schedule. Do not take two doses at once. Always follow your doctor's specific instructions regarding diet and fluid intake while on this medication.
How long does it take for Azathioprine to start working?
Azathioprine may take several weeks to start working. The full therapeutic effect can take up to three months to become noticeable. This is because Azathioprine works by gradually suppressing the immune system, which is the body's defense against infections. Individual factors like your condition, age, and overall health can affect how quickly you notice improvements. It's important to take Azathioprine exactly as prescribed and attend regular check-ups with your doctor to monitor your progress and adjust your treatment if needed.
How should I store Azathioprine?
Store Azathioprine at room temperature, away from moisture and light. Keep it in a tightly closed container to protect it from damage. Avoid storing it in humid places like bathrooms, where moisture in the air could affect how well the medication works. If your pills came in packaging that isn't child-resistant, transfer them to a container that children can't easily open. Always store Azathioprine out of children's reach to prevent accidental swallowing. Check the expiration date regularly and dispose of any unused or expired medication properly.
What is the usual dose of Azathioprine?
The usual starting dose of Azathioprine for adults is 1 to 3 mg per kilogram of body weight per day, taken once or twice daily. Your doctor may adjust the dose based on your response and any side effects. The maximum recommended dose is typically 2.5 mg per kilogram per day. For children or the elderly, dose adjustments may be necessary. Always follow your doctor's specific dosing instructions for your health needs.
Warnings and Precautions
Can Azathioprine be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Azathioprine is generally not recommended while breastfeeding. It can pass into breast milk and may affect the nursing baby. Potential risks include immune system suppression, which is when the body's defense against infections is weakened, and liver problems. If you're taking Azathioprine and want to breastfeed, talk with your doctor about safer medication options that would allow you to nurse your baby safely. Your doctor can help create a treatment plan that protects both you and your baby.
Can Azathioprine be taken safely while pregnant?
Azathioprine is generally not recommended during pregnancy unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Limited evidence is available on its safety during pregnancy. Some studies suggest potential risks to the developing baby, such as low birth weight or preterm birth. However, untreated autoimmune conditions, which are diseases where the immune system attacks healthy cells, can also pose risks to both mother and baby. If you're pregnant or planning to become pregnant, talk with your doctor about the safest way to manage your condition.
Can I take Azathioprine with other prescription drugs?
Azathioprine can interact with several medications, increasing the risk of adverse effects. Allopurinol, which is used to treat gout, can increase Azathioprine's effects and toxicity. Warfarin, which is a blood thinner, may have altered effects when taken with Azathioprine. Other immunosuppressants, which are drugs that suppress the immune system, can increase the risk of infections. Always inform your doctor about all medications you are taking to manage potential interactions and adjust your treatment plan if necessary.
Does Azathioprine have adverse effects?
Adverse effects are unwanted reactions to a medication. Common adverse effects of Azathioprine include nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. These occur in a small percentage of users. More serious effects include increased risk of infections and certain cancers, like skin cancer and lymphoma, which is a cancer of the lymphatic system. If you notice any new or worsening symptoms, contact your doctor. They can help determine if these are related to Azathioprine and adjust your treatment if necessary.
Does Azathioprine have any safety warnings?
Yes, Azathioprine has important safety warnings. It can increase the risk of infections and certain types of cancer, such as skin cancer and lymphoma, which is a cancer of the lymphatic system. This is because Azathioprine suppresses the immune system. It's crucial to follow your doctor's instructions and attend regular check-ups. If you notice unusual symptoms like persistent fever, unexplained weight loss, or new skin changes, contact your doctor immediately. Adhering to safety warnings helps manage risks while on this medication.
Is Azathioprine addictive?
Azathioprine is not addictive or habit-forming. It does not cause dependency or withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking it. Azathioprine works by suppressing the immune system to help manage autoimmune conditions, which are diseases where the immune system attacks healthy cells. This mechanism does not affect brain chemistry in ways that could lead to addiction. You won't experience cravings for this medication or feel compelled to take more than prescribed. If you have concerns about medication dependence, Azathioprine does not carry this risk.
Is Azathioprine safe for the elderly?
Elderly individuals may be more vulnerable to the side effects of Azathioprine, such as increased risk of infections and liver problems. This is because the immune system and liver function can decline with age. Azathioprine can be used safely in the elderly with careful monitoring by a doctor. Regular check-ups and blood tests help ensure the medication is working effectively and safely. If you are elderly and taking Azathioprine, discuss any concerns with your healthcare provider to manage risks.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Azathioprine?
It's best to limit alcohol while taking Azathioprine. Alcohol can increase the risk of liver damage, which affects the organ that processes medications, and may worsen side effects like nausea. Drinking alcohol can also affect your immune system, which Azathioprine already suppresses. If you choose to drink, do so in moderation and watch for warning signs like unusual fatigue or yellowing of the skin. Talk with your doctor about alcohol use while taking Azathioprine to get personalized advice based on your health situation.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Azathioprine?
You can exercise while taking Azathioprine, but keep a few things in mind. This medication can cause fatigue, which is feeling very tired, and increase your risk of infections. If you feel unusually tired or notice signs of infection, like fever or sore throat, take a break from exercise and rest. To exercise safely, start with light activities and gradually increase intensity. Listen to your body and avoid overexertion. If you have concerns about exercising while on Azathioprine, consult your doctor.
Is it safe to stop Azathioprine?
Stopping Azathioprine suddenly can cause your condition to worsen. It's often used long-term for chronic conditions like autoimmune diseases, which are diseases where the immune system attacks healthy cells. Stopping without medical advice can lead to a flare-up of symptoms. Always talk with your doctor before stopping Azathioprine. They might suggest gradually reducing your dose or switching to a different medication to keep your condition under control. Your doctor will help you make any medication changes safely to protect your health.
What are the most common side effects of Azathioprine?
Side effects are unwanted reactions to a medication. Common side effects of Azathioprine include nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. These occur in a small percentage of users. Some people may also experience fatigue, which is feeling very tired, or skin rashes. If you notice new symptoms after starting Azathioprine, they might be temporary or unrelated to the medication. Talk with your doctor before stopping any medication. They can help determine if the side effects are related to Azathioprine and suggest ways to manage them.
Who should avoid taking Azathioprine?
Azathioprine should not be used if you are allergic to it or its ingredients. Serious allergic reactions, which cause rash, hives, or swelling that makes breathing difficult, require immediate medical help. It's also contraindicated in people with severe liver disease, which affects the organ that processes medications. Caution is needed if you have kidney problems, which affect organs that filter waste from your blood, or if you're pregnant or breastfeeding. Always consult your doctor about these concerns before starting Azathioprine.
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