Atropine + Diphenoxylate
Find more information about this combination medication at the webpages for Atropine
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Advisory
- This medicine contains a combination of 2 drugs: Atropine and Diphenoxylate.
- Based on evidence, Atropine and Diphenoxylate are more effective when taken together.
Drug Status
Government Approvals
None
WHO Essential Medicine
NO
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
None
Controlled Drug Substance
NO
Summary
Atropine and Diphenoxylate are used to treat acute diarrhea, which is a condition characterized by frequent, watery bowel movements. This combination is effective in reducing the frequency and severity of diarrhea episodes, providing relief from symptoms. It is important to note that this medication is not suitable for chronic diarrhea or diarrhea caused by certain infections, and a healthcare provider should be consulted for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
Diphenoxylate, which is an opioid derivative, works by slowing down the movement of the intestines, reducing the number of bowel movements and making the stool less watery. Atropine, which is an anticholinergic, helps reduce spasms in the gut, minimizing cramping. Together, they provide a comprehensive approach to managing diarrhea, with Diphenoxylate addressing the physical symptoms and Atropine minimizing discomfort and potential misuse.
The usual adult daily dose for the combination of Atropine and Diphenoxylate is typically 5 mg of Diphenoxylate with 0.025 mg of Atropine, taken up to four times a day. This medication can be taken with or without food, depending on personal preference and tolerance. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and not exceed the recommended amount to avoid potential side effects and misuse.
Common side effects of Atropine and Diphenoxylate include dry mouth, dizziness, drowsiness, and constipation. These effects are primarily due to the anticholinergic properties of Atropine and the opioid nature of Diphenoxylate. At higher doses, the risk of serious side effects increases, particularly due to the opioid component, which can lead to respiratory depression. It is important to use this medication as directed and consult a healthcare provider if severe side effects occur.
Important warnings for Atropine and Diphenoxylate include the risk of respiratory depression, particularly in children and the elderly. It is contraindicated in patients with obstructive jaundice, diarrhea caused by certain infections, and in those with a known hypersensitivity to the components. The medication should be used with caution in individuals with a history of substance abuse due to the opioid nature of Diphenoxylate. Patients should be aware of the potential for drowsiness and avoid operating heavy machinery or driving while taking this medication.
Indications and Purpose
How does combination of Atropine and Diphenoxylate work?
Atropine and Diphenoxylate work together to alleviate diarrhea by targeting different aspects of the digestive system. Diphenoxylate, an opioid derivative, slows intestinal movement, reducing the frequency of bowel movements and making stools less watery. Atropine, an anticholinergic, helps to reduce gut spasms and cramps. The combination of these two drugs provides a comprehensive approach to managing diarrhea, with Diphenoxylate addressing the physical symptoms and Atropine minimizing discomfort and potential misuse.
How effective is combination of Atropine and Diphenoxylate?
The effectiveness of Atropine and Diphenoxylate in treating diarrhea is supported by clinical studies and widespread clinical use. Diphenoxylate, as an opioid derivative, has been shown to effectively slow intestinal movement, reducing diarrhea symptoms. Atropine is included to prevent misuse and reduce gut spasms, enhancing patient comfort. Together, they provide a comprehensive approach to managing diarrhea, with evidence indicating significant symptom relief in patients. The combination is well-established in medical practice, with both components contributing to its overall efficacy.
Directions for Use
What is the usual dose of combination of Atropine and Diphenoxylate?
The usual adult daily dose for the combination of Atropine and Diphenoxylate is typically 5 mg of Diphenoxylate with 0.025 mg of Atropine, taken up to four times a day. This combination is designed to maximize the antidiarrheal effects of Diphenoxylate while minimizing potential side effects through the inclusion of Atropine. The Atropine component is included in a subtherapeutic dose to discourage abuse of Diphenoxylate, which is an opioid derivative. It's important to follow the prescribed dosage and consult a healthcare provider for personalized advice.
How does one take combination of Atropine and Diphenoxylate?
Atropine and Diphenoxylate can be taken with or without food, depending on personal preference and tolerance. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and not exceed the recommended amount. Patients should avoid alcohol and other central nervous system depressants while taking this medication, as they can enhance the sedative effects of Diphenoxylate. Additionally, maintaining adequate hydration is crucial, as diarrhea can lead to dehydration. If symptoms persist or worsen, consult a healthcare provider.
For how long is combination of Atropine and Diphenoxylate taken?
The typical duration of use for Atropine and Diphenoxylate is short-term, generally not exceeding 48 hours. This is because the combination is intended for the temporary relief of acute diarrhea. Prolonged use is not recommended due to the risk of side effects and potential for dependency on Diphenoxylate. If symptoms persist beyond this period, it is important to consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation and treatment.
How long does it take for combination of Atropine and Diphenoxylate to work?
Atropine and Diphenoxylate work together to relieve symptoms of diarrhea. Atropine, an anticholinergic, helps reduce spasms in the gut, while Diphenoxylate, an opioid, slows down bowel movements. The combination typically starts working within 1 to 2 hours after ingestion. The onset of action may vary depending on individual factors such as metabolism and the severity of symptoms. Both components work synergistically to provide relief, with Diphenoxylate primarily reducing bowel movement frequency and Atropine minimizing cramping.
Warnings and Precautions
Are there harms and risks from taking combination of Atropine and Diphenoxylate?
Common side effects of Atropine and Diphenoxylate include dry mouth, dizziness, drowsiness, and constipation. These effects are primarily due to the anticholinergic properties of Atropine and the opioid nature of Diphenoxylate. Significant adverse effects can include confusion, difficulty urinating, and severe allergic reactions. At higher doses, the risk of serious side effects increases, particularly due to the opioid component, which can lead to respiratory depression. It is important to use this medication as directed and consult a healthcare provider if severe side effects occur.
Can I take combination of Atropine and Diphenoxylate with other prescription drugs?
Atropine and Diphenoxylate can interact with several prescription drugs, particularly those that depress the central nervous system, such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and other opioids. These interactions can enhance the sedative effects and increase the risk of respiratory depression. Additionally, anticholinergic drugs can amplify the side effects of Atropine, leading to increased dry mouth, constipation, and urinary retention. It is crucial to inform healthcare providers of all medications being taken to avoid potential interactions and ensure safe use.
Can I take combination of Atropine and Diphenoxylate if I am pregnant?
The safety of Atropine and Diphenoxylate during pregnancy is not fully established, and it should be used only if clearly needed. Diphenoxylate, as an opioid derivative, may pose risks to the developing fetus, including potential for respiratory depression. Atropine may also have effects on fetal development. Pregnant women should consult their healthcare provider to carefully consider the potential risks and benefits before using this medication. Alternative treatments may be recommended depending on the severity of symptoms and the stage of pregnancy.
Can I take combination of Atropine and Diphenoxylate while breastfeeding?
The safety of Atropine and Diphenoxylate during lactation is not well-established, and caution is advised. Diphenoxylate, being an opioid derivative, may pass into breast milk and affect the nursing infant, potentially causing sedation or respiratory issues. Atropine may also be excreted in breast milk, leading to anticholinergic effects in the infant. It is recommended that breastfeeding mothers consult their healthcare provider before using this medication to weigh the potential risks and benefits.
Who should avoid taking combination of Atropine and Diphenoxylate?
Important warnings for Atropine and Diphenoxylate include the risk of respiratory depression, particularly in children and the elderly. It is contraindicated in patients with obstructive jaundice, diarrhea caused by certain infections, and in those with a known hypersensitivity to the components. The medication should be used with caution in individuals with a history of substance abuse due to the opioid nature of Diphenoxylate. Patients should be aware of the potential for drowsiness and avoid operating heavy machinery or driving while taking this medication.
