Apixaban
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
NO
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
Factor Xa Inhibitor
Controlled Drug Substance
No
Apixaban
Summary
Apixaban is primarily used to prevent blood clots in people with atrial fibrillation, a heart condition that increases the risk of stroke. It's also used after hip or knee replacement surgery to reduce the risk of blood clots forming in the legs or lungs.
Apixaban is a blood thinner that works by inhibiting a specific clotting factor in your blood, known as Factor Xa. This makes it harder for blood clots to form, thus reducing the risk of strokes and other clot-related complications.
Apixaban is taken orally, usually twice a day. The exact dosage and duration of treatment depend on the condition being treated. For instance, after hip replacement surgery, it's typically taken for about 35 days, and after knee replacement, for about 12 days.
Common side effects of Apixaban include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. It can also cause headaches, insomnia, and unusual tiredness or weakness. Less common side effects include changes in appetite, mood swings, and cognitive changes like confusion or decreased alertness.
It's crucial not to stop taking Apixaban suddenly, as this can increase the risk of blood clots. The medicine can cause bleeding, especially in the stomach and intestines. Also, if you're allergic to Apixaban, have a history of severe bleeding, or are pregnant or breastfeeding, you should not take this medication.
Indications and Purpose
How does Apixaban work?
Apixaban works by inhibiting Factor Xa, which is a protein in your blood that helps form clots. By blocking this protein, Apixaban reduces the ability of your blood to clot, which helps prevent harmful clots from forming. Think of it like turning down the volume on a radio; Apixaban lowers the "clotting volume" in your blood. This action makes Apixaban effective in preventing strokes and blood clots in conditions like atrial fibrillation, which is an irregular heartbeat.
Is Apixaban effective?
Yes, Apixaban is effective for preventing blood clots in conditions like atrial fibrillation, which is an irregular heartbeat, and after certain surgeries. Clinical studies show that Apixaban reduces the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. It also helps prevent deep vein thrombosis, which is a blood clot in a deep vein, and pulmonary embolism, which is a clot in the lungs. These results demonstrate Apixaban's effectiveness in managing and preventing blood clots.
What is Apixaban?
Apixaban is an anticoagulant, which is a blood thinner, used to prevent blood clots. It works by blocking certain proteins in your blood that cause clotting. Apixaban is primarily used to reduce the risk of stroke and blood clots in people with atrial fibrillation, which is an irregular heartbeat. It's also used after hip or knee replacement surgery to prevent blood clots. Apixaban can be used alone or with other therapies, depending on your specific health needs.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Apixaban?
Apixaban is usually taken long-term for conditions like atrial fibrillation, which is an irregular heartbeat, or after certain surgeries to prevent blood clots. The duration of use depends on your specific health condition and your doctor's recommendations. Always follow your doctor's instructions regarding how long to take Apixaban. Stopping this medication without medical advice could increase your risk of blood clots. Talk with your doctor before making any changes to your Apixaban treatment.
How do I dispose of Apixaban?
To dispose of Apixaban, take it to a drug take-back program or collection site at a pharmacy or hospital. They will dispose of it properly to prevent harm to people or the environment. If you can't find a take-back program, you can throw it in the trash at home. First, mix it with something undesirable like used coffee grounds, seal it in a plastic bag, and throw it away. Always keep medications out of reach of children and pets.
How do I take Apixaban?
Take Apixaban exactly as your doctor prescribes. It's usually taken twice daily, once in the morning and once in the evening, with or without food. Swallow the tablet whole; do not crush or chew it. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it's almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue your regular schedule. Do not take two doses at once. Always follow your doctor's specific instructions regarding diet and fluid intake while on this medication.
How long does it take for Apixaban to start working?
Apixaban starts working quickly, usually within a few hours after taking it. However, the full therapeutic effect, which is the prevention of blood clots, may take a few days to achieve. Individual factors like your overall health and kidney function can affect how quickly Apixaban works. It's important to take Apixaban exactly as prescribed for the best results. If you have questions about how Apixaban is working for you, talk with your doctor.
How should I store Apixaban?
Store Apixaban at room temperature, away from moisture and light. Keep it in its original container with the lid tightly closed. Avoid storing it in humid places like bathrooms, as moisture can affect the medication's effectiveness. Always keep Apixaban out of reach of children and pets to prevent accidental ingestion. Check the expiration date regularly and properly dispose of any unused or expired medication. If you have questions about storage, ask your pharmacist or doctor.
What is the usual dose of Apixaban?
The usual starting dose of Apixaban for adults is 5 mg taken twice daily. In some cases, your doctor may adjust the dose based on your specific health needs, such as kidney function or age. For certain conditions, like after hip or knee replacement surgery, the dose may be different. Always follow your doctor's specific dosing instructions. If you have any questions about your dose or how to take Apixaban, talk with your healthcare provider.
Warnings and Precautions
Can Apixaban be taken safely while breastfeeding?
The safety of Apixaban while breastfeeding isn't well-established. It's unclear if Apixaban passes into breast milk or affects milk production. If you're breastfeeding or planning to breastfeed, talk with your doctor about the safest medication options. They can help determine the best treatment plan for you and your baby. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or continuing Apixaban while breastfeeding.
Can Apixaban be taken safely while pregnant?
The safety of Apixaban during pregnancy isn't well-established. Limited data is available, and the effects on an unborn baby are not fully known. If you're pregnant or planning to become pregnant, talk with your doctor about the safest way to manage your condition. They can help create a treatment plan that protects both you and your baby. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or continuing Apixaban during pregnancy.
Can I take Apixaban with other prescription drugs?
Major drug interactions with Apixaban include other anticoagulants, which are blood thinners, and certain antifungal or antibiotic medications. These can increase the risk of bleeding. Moderate interactions include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which can also increase bleeding risk. Always inform your doctor about all medications you're taking to avoid interactions that could affect Apixaban's effectiveness or increase side effects. Your doctor can adjust your treatment plan to ensure it's safe and effective.
Does Apixaban have adverse effects?
Adverse effects are unwanted reactions to a medication. With Apixaban, common adverse effects include bleeding and bruising. Serious adverse effects can include severe bleeding, which requires immediate medical attention. If you notice unusual bleeding, such as prolonged bleeding from cuts or blood in your urine, contact your doctor. Always inform your healthcare provider about any new or worsening symptoms while taking Apixaban. They can help determine if these symptoms are related to the medication and recommend appropriate action.
Does Apixaban have any safety warnings?
Yes, Apixaban has important safety warnings. It can increase the risk of bleeding, which can be serious or even life-threatening. This risk is higher if you have certain conditions or take other medications that affect bleeding. If you experience unusual bleeding, such as nosebleeds, blood in your urine, or prolonged bleeding from cuts, seek medical attention. It's crucial to follow your doctor's instructions and attend regular check-ups to monitor your condition while taking Apixaban.
Is Apixaban addictive?
No, Apixaban is not addictive or habit-forming. This medication doesn't cause dependency or withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking it. Apixaban works by affecting blood clotting processes, not brain chemistry, so it doesn't lead to addiction. You won't experience cravings for this medication or feel compelled to take more than prescribed. If you have concerns about medication dependence, you can feel confident that Apixaban doesn't carry this risk while managing your health condition.
Is Apixaban safe for the elderly?
Yes, Apixaban is generally safe for the elderly, but they may be more vulnerable to its side effects, like bleeding. Older adults often have other health conditions or take multiple medications, which can increase risks. It's important for elderly patients to have regular check-ups to monitor their response to Apixaban. Doctors may adjust the dose based on kidney function and overall health. Always follow your doctor's instructions and report any unusual symptoms.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Apixaban?
It's best to limit alcohol while taking Apixaban. Alcohol can increase the risk of bleeding, which is a side effect of Apixaban. Drinking alcohol may also affect how well your body processes the medication. If you choose to drink, do so in moderation and watch for signs of unusual bleeding, such as prolonged bleeding from cuts or blood in your urine. Talk with your doctor about alcohol use while taking Apixaban to get personalized advice based on your health.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Apixaban?
Yes, you can exercise while taking Apixaban, but be cautious. This medication increases bleeding risk, so avoid activities with a high risk of injury or falls. If you experience unusual bruising or bleeding during exercise, stop and contact your doctor. To exercise safely, choose low-impact activities like walking or swimming. Always talk with your doctor about your exercise routine while taking Apixaban to ensure it's safe for your specific health condition.
Is it safe to stop Apixaban?
Stopping Apixaban suddenly can increase your risk of blood clots, which can lead to serious health problems like stroke or heart attack. If you need to stop taking Apixaban, your doctor will guide you on how to do it safely. They might suggest gradually reducing your dose or switching to a different medication to keep your condition under control. Always talk with your doctor before stopping Apixaban to protect your health.
What are the most common side effects of Apixaban?
Side effects are unwanted reactions that can happen when taking a medication. Common side effects of Apixaban include bleeding, bruising, and nausea. These effects vary from person to person. If you notice new symptoms after starting Apixaban, they might be temporary or unrelated to the medication. Talk with your doctor before stopping any medication. They can help determine if the side effects are related to Apixaban and suggest ways to manage them.
Who should avoid taking Apixaban?
Don't take Apixaban if you have active bleeding or a known allergy to it. These are absolute contraindications. Use caution if you have conditions that increase bleeding risk, like liver disease or a bleeding disorder. These are relative contraindications, meaning Apixaban may be used if benefits outweigh risks. Always consult your doctor about your medical history before starting Apixaban to ensure it's safe for you.
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