Amitriptyline
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
Tricyclic Antidepressant
Controlled Drug Substance
NO
Amitriptyline
Learn more about this medicine -
Click HereSummary
Amitriptyline is primarily used to treat depression. It's also used for anxiety and certain types of chronic pain, such as neuropathic pain or migraines. It can also help manage insomnia associated with depression and anxiety.
Amitriptyline works by increasing the levels of neurotransmitters, specifically serotonin and norepinephrine, in the brain. This helps improve mood, alleviate pain, and improve communication between neurons.
The usual starting dosage for adults is 25 to 50 mg per day, taken at bedtime. The dose can be gradually increased based on individual response, up to a maximum of 150 mg per day. It's taken orally, usually in the evening or before sleep due to its sedative effects.
Common side effects of Amitriptyline include dry mouth and dizziness. Rare but severe side effects can include hallucinations and heart arrhythmias. Abruptly stopping the medication can lead to withdrawal symptoms like dizziness, nausea, headache, irritability, and flu-like symptoms.
Amitriptyline should be used with caution in patients with a history of heart disease or seizures. It can also increase the risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior, especially in young adults. It's excreted in breast milk and can cause adverse effects in nursing infants, so breastfeeding mothers should be cautious. Pregnant women should discuss the risks and benefits with their healthcare provider.
Indications and Purpose
What is Amitriptyline used for?
Amitriptyline is indicated for the treatment of depression, neuropathic pain, and the prevention of migraine headaches. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor. Consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice on its use for your specific condition.
How does Amitriptyline work?
Amitriptyline works by increasing the levels of certain natural substances in the brain, such as norepinephrine and serotonin, which help maintain mental balance. It inhibits the reuptake of these neurotransmitters, enhancing their effects and alleviating symptoms of depression and pain.
Is Amitriptyline effective?
Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant that increases certain natural substances in the brain to maintain mental balance. It is effective in treating depression, neuropathic pain, and preventing migraines. Clinical studies have shown its efficacy, but individual responses may vary. Consult your doctor for personalized treatment plans.
How does one know if Amitriptyline is working?
The benefit of Amitriptyline is evaluated through regular follow-up appointments with your doctor, who will assess your symptoms and any side effects. They may adjust your dosage based on your response to the medication. Lab tests may also be ordered to monitor your body's reaction to the treatment.
Directions for Use
What is the usual dose of Amitriptyline?
For adults, the usual starting dose of Amitriptyline is 75 mg per day, which can be increased to 150 mg per day if necessary. For elderly patients, the starting dose is typically lower, around 10 mg to 25 mg per day, with a maximum of 100 mg to 150 mg per day. Amitriptyline is not recommended for children under 12 years of age.
How do I take Amitriptyline?
Amitriptyline can be taken with or without food, but taking it with food may help reduce stomach upset. There are no specific food restrictions, but avoid alcohol as it can increase drowsiness. Follow your doctor's instructions on dosage and timing for best results.
For how long do I take Amitriptyline?
Amitriptyline is typically used for several weeks to months, depending on the condition being treated. For depression, it may take 2 to 4 weeks to notice improvement, and treatment often continues for at least 6 months to prevent relapse. The duration for other conditions like neuropathic pain or migraines may vary based on individual response and medical advice.
How long does it take for Amitriptyline to start working?
Amitriptyline may take a few weeks to start working, with full benefits often felt after 2 to 4 weeks. It's important to continue taking the medication as prescribed, even if you don't feel immediate improvement. Consult your doctor if you have concerns about its effectiveness.
How should I store Amitriptyline?
Store Amitriptyline in its original container, tightly closed, at room temperature away from excess heat and moisture. Keep it out of reach of children. Do not store it in the bathroom. Dispose of unneeded medication through a take-back program to prevent accidental ingestion.
Warnings and Precautions
Who should avoid taking Amitriptyline?
Amitriptyline has several important warnings, including the risk of suicidal thoughts, especially in young adults. It should not be used with MAO inhibitors or in patients with recent heart attacks. Caution is advised for those with glaucoma, urinary retention, or cardiovascular issues. Always consult your doctor before starting or stopping the medication.
Can I take Amitriptyline with other prescription drugs?
Amitriptyline can interact with MAO inhibitors, increasing the risk of serotonin syndrome. It may also interact with other antidepressants, anticholinergic drugs, and CNS depressants, enhancing side effects. Inform your doctor of all medications you are taking to avoid harmful interactions.
Can I take Amitriptyline with vitamins or supplements?
From all available and reliable information, there is no confirmed data on this. Please consult a doctor for personalized advice.
Can Amitriptyline be taken safely while pregnant?
Amitriptyline should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the risk to the fetus. There is limited data on its safety in pregnancy, and it may cause withdrawal symptoms in newborns. Consult your doctor for personalized advice if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant.
Can Amitriptyline be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Amitriptyline is excreted in breast milk, and there is a potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants. A decision should be made to either discontinue breastfeeding or the medication, considering the importance of the drug to the mother. Consult your doctor for personalized advice.
Is Amitriptyline safe for the elderly?
Elderly patients should use Amitriptyline with caution due to increased sensitivity to side effects like drowsiness, confusion, and cardiovascular issues. Lower starting doses are recommended, and close monitoring is essential. Consult a doctor for personalized advice and regular assessments to ensure safe use.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Amitriptyline?
Amitriptyline may cause drowsiness, dizziness, and fatigue, which can affect your ability to exercise safely. If you experience these side effects, it is advisable to avoid strenuous activities until you know how the medication affects you. Consult your doctor for personalized advice on exercise while taking Amitriptyline.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Amitriptyline?
Drinking alcohol while taking Amitriptyline can increase the sedative effects of the medication, leading to increased drowsiness and dizziness. It is generally advised to avoid alcohol consumption while on this medication to prevent these enhanced effects and ensure safety.
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