Acyclovir
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis, Chickenpox ... show more
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
NO
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
Herpes Simplex Virus Nucleoside Analog DNA Polymerase Inhibitor and Herpes Zoster Virus Nucleoside Analog DNA Polymerase Inhibitor and Herpesvirus Nucleoside Analog DNA Polymerase Inhibitor
Controlled Drug Substance
NO
Acyclovir
Summary
Acyclovir is used to treat infections caused by herpes viruses, including cold sores, genital herpes, shingles, and chickenpox.
Acyclovir works by inhibiting the replication of the virus, preventing it from spreading, and reducing the severity and duration of symptoms.
Acyclovir is available in various forms including oral tablets, topical creams, and intravenous formulations. For frequent herpes outbreaks, acyclovir pills are taken every day for 4 months to 10 years.
Common side effects of acyclovir include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, headache, and malaise. In rare cases, it can cause serious side effects such as renal failure, blood clotting problems, and central nervous system problems.
Acyclovir should not be used by people who are allergic to acyclovir or valacyclovir. It can cause severe kidney problems sometimes leading to death. Some people with weakened immune systems may develop a rare life-threatening condition called thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP/HUS).
Indications and Purpose
How does Acyclovir work?
Acyclovir works by targeting the herpes virus. Once it's in the body, it is taken up by infected cells where the virus is active. Acyclovir is converted into its active form and interferes with the virus's ability to replicate by blocking a key enzyme the virus needs to make copies of itself. This helps stop the spread of the infection, reduces symptoms, and speeds up healing, though it doesn't completely eliminate the virus from the body.
Is Acyclovir effective?
Studies show that acyclovir effectively reduces the duration and severity of symptoms in conditions like cold sores, genital herpes, shingles, and chickenpox. It helps speed healing, reduces pain, and lowers the risk of outbreaks and transmission of the herpes virus.
What is Acyclovir?
Acyclovir is an antiviral medication primarily used to treat infections caused by herpes viruses, including cold sores, genital herpes, and shingles. It works by inhibiting the replication of the virus, preventing it from spreading and reducing the severity and duration of symptoms. Acyclovir is effective in managing outbreaks, but it does not cure herpes infections. It is available in various forms, including oral tablets, topical creams, and intravenous formulations.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Acyclovir?
For people who have had 6 or more outbreaks of cold sores each year, daily acyclovir pills can help prevent future outbreaks. The pills are taken for 4 months to 10 years. In one study, people took 400 mg of acyclovir twice a day for 3 years. For a shingles outbreak on a small area of the skin, treatment typically lasts 7-10 days.
How do I dispose of Acyclovir?
If you can, bring unused medicines to a drug take-back program or collection site at a pharmacy or hospital. They will dispose of this medicine properly so they don't harm people or the environment. If you can't find a take-back program, you can throw most medicines in the trash at home. But first, take them out of their original containers, mix them with something undesirable like used coffee grounds, seal the mixture in a plastic bag and throw it away.
How do I take Acyclovir?
Acyclovir capsules and tablets can be taken with or without food. There are no specific restrictions on what you can eat while taking these medications.
How long does it take for Acyclovir to start working?
Acyclovir typically starts working within a few hours to a day after you begin taking it. However, you may not notice significant improvement right away. For conditions like cold sores or genital herpes, you might see a reduction in symptoms, such as pain or swelling, within 1-2 days of starting treatment. For the best results, it's important to start acyclovir as soon as you notice symptoms or a flare-up.
How should I store Acyclovir?
Acyclovir should be stored at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Keep it in a tightly closed container and out of reach of children. For oral forms, avoid storing it in bathrooms or areas with high humidity. Always follow the storage instructions on the medication label
What is the usual dose of Acyclovir?
For adults, the usual dose of Acyclovir for herpes zoster is 800 mg every 4 hours, 5 times daily for 7 to 10 days. For genital herpes, it's 200 mg every 4 hours, 5 times daily for 10 days. For children with chickenpox, the dose is 20 mg/kg per dose orally 4 times daily for 5 days, with a maximum of 800 mg per dose. Always follow your doctor's specific instructions.
Warnings and Precautions
Can Acyclovir be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Acyclovir is generally considered safe to take while breastfeeding. It passes into breast milk in small amounts, but it's unlikely to harm a nursing infant. However, you should still consult your healthcare provider before taking any medication while breastfeeding.
Can Acyclovir be taken safely while pregnant?
Acyclovir is classified as a Category B drug during pregnancy, meaning it has not shown harm to unborn babies in animal studies, but there is limited data in pregnant humans. It is generally considered safe when prescribed by a doctor, but it should be used only if necessary and as directed by your healthcare provider
Can I take Acyclovir with other prescription drugs?
Acyclovir can interact with other prescription medications, particularly those that affect kidney function, such as probenecid, which may increase acyclovir levels in the body. It is essential to consult a healthcare provider before combining acyclovir with other drugs to avoid potential complications
Does Acyclovir have adverse effects?
Adverse effects are unwanted or harmful effects caused by a medicine. Acyclovir can cause adverse effects like nausea, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, and tiredness. These are generally mild and not very common. Rare but serious adverse effects include kidney problems or severe allergic reactions, which need immediate medical attention. It's important to report any new or worsening symptoms to your healthcare provider and not stop the medicine without their advice.
Does Acyclovir have any safety warnings?
Acyclovir comes with safety warnings, particularly for those with kidney issues, as it can affect kidney function. It's important to stay hydrated to help prevent kidney problems. Watch for symptoms like reduced urine output or swelling, and report them to your doctor. Allergic reactions are rare but serious; signs include rash, itching, or difficulty breathing. If these occur, seek medical attention immediately. Always follow your healthcare provider's advice and report any unusual symptoms.
Is Acyclovir addictive?
Acyclovir has no known potential for dependence or addiction. It is not habit-forming, and there are no behaviors or warning signs associated with physical or psychological dependence on this medicine. You can take Acyclovir as prescribed by your healthcare provider without worrying about addiction.
Is Acyclovir safe for the elderly?
Acyclovir can be safely used by elderly individuals, but they may be more susceptible to side effects, particularly kidney-related issues. Dosage adjustments may be necessary for older adults, especially if they have kidney problems. It's important to use it under the guidance of a healthcare provider.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Acyclovir?
Most people tolerate Acyclovir well, and occasional alcoholic drinks should not affect the way this medicine works. There are no well-established interactions between Acyclovir and alcohol that would interfere with the medicine's effectiveness or cause harm. However, it's always best to consume alcohol in moderation and consult your healthcare provider if you have any concerns.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Acyclovir?
Most people tolerate Acyclovir well, and it should not limit your ability to exercise. There are no known symptoms caused by Acyclovir that would limit exercise capacity, physical strength, or endurance. You can continue your regular exercise routine while taking this medicine, but if you experience any unusual symptoms, consult your healthcare provider.
Is it safe to stop Acyclovir?
Acyclovir is typically used for treating temporary or acute conditions like infections. Stopping it abruptly may lead to the infection not being fully treated, which can cause symptoms to return or worsen. There are no known withdrawal symptoms, but it's crucial to complete the prescribed course to ensure effectiveness. Always consult your doctor before stopping Acyclovir to avoid complications.
What are the most common side effects of Acyclovir?
A side effect is an unwanted effect of a medicine. Common side effects of Acyclovir include nausea, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, and tiredness. These are generally mild and not very common. It's important to note that new symptoms can occur when starting any new medicine, and they may not be related to the medicine itself. Always talk to your healthcare provider before stopping any medication.
Who should avoid taking Acyclovir?
**Acyclovir should not be used by people who:** * Are allergic to acyclovir or valacyclovir **Serious side effects can occur, including:** * Kidney failure, which can be fatal * Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP/HUS), which can also be fatal and usually occurs in people with weakened immune systems **Important precautions:** * People with kidney problems may need to adjust their dosage * Use caution when taking acyclovir with other medications that can harm the kidneys * Stay well-hydrated while taking acyclovir
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