Valganciclovir
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Cytomegalovirus Retinitis
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DRUG STATUS
Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
Essential Medicine
YES
Teratogenicity
N/A
Pharmaceutical Class
Cytomegalovirus Nucleoside Analog DNA Polymerase Inhibitor
Valganciclovir
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Click HereSummary
Valganciclovir is used to treat and prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections, particularly in people with weakened immune systems like organ transplant recipients or those with HIV/AIDS.
Valganciclovir is converted into ganciclovir in the body. It works by blocking CMV replication, interfering with viral DNA production. This slows down the infection and helps the immune system control the virus.
For CMV retinitis in HIV patients, the typical dose is 900 mg twice daily for 21 days, then 900 mg once daily. For CMV prevention in transplant patients, the usual dose is 900 mg once daily for 100-200 days. It is usually taken orally as a tablet or liquid.
Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, fever, headache, and fatigue. Serious risks include bone marrow suppression leading to low blood cell counts, which can cause infections, bleeding or anemia.
Valganciclovir is not safe during pregnancy as it can cause serious birth defects. It can also pass into breast milk and may harm the baby. People with severe kidney disease, low blood cell counts, or allergies to valganciclovir or ganciclovir should avoid this medication.
Indications and Purpose
What is Valganciclovir used for?
Valganciclovir is used to treat and prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections, particularly in HIV/AIDS patients and organ transplant recipients. CMV can cause serious eye infections, pneumonia, and organ damage in immunocompromised individuals.
How does Valganciclovir work?
Valganciclovir is converted into ganciclovir in the body, which blocks CMV replication by interfering with viral DNA production. This slows down the infection and helps the immune system control the virus.
Is Valganciclovir effective?
Yes, valganciclovir is highly effective in controlling CMV infections and preventing complications, especially in immunocompromised patients. Studies show it significantly reduces the risk of CMV-related complications in transplant recipients.
How does one know if Valganciclovir is working?
Your doctor will monitor CMV levels through blood tests and assess symptoms. For CMV retinitis, improvement in vision and eye inflammation indicates effectiveness. Regular check-ups help track progress.
Directions for Use
What is the usual dose of Valganciclovir?
For CMV retinitis in HIV patients, the typical dose is 900 mg twice daily for 21 days, then 900 mg once daily. For CMV prevention in transplant patients, the usual dose is 900 mg once daily for 100–200 days. Dosage may change based on kidney function.
How do I take Valganciclovir?
Valganciclovir should be taken with food to help absorption. Swallow tablets whole and avoid crushing them. If taking the liquid form, shake well before measuring the dose. Wash hands after handling the medicine, as it can be toxic if absorbed through the skin.
For how long do I take Valganciclovir?
The duration depends on the condition. For CMV retinitis, treatment may last several weeks to months, and maintenance therapy may be required. For CMV prevention in transplant patients, it is usually taken for 100 to 200 days after transplantation.
How long does it take for Valganciclovir to start working?
Valganciclovir begins working within a few days, but it may take several weeks for CMV symptoms to improve. Regular eye exams and blood tests help monitor effectiveness.
How should I store Valganciclovir?
Store at room temperature (below 30°C), away from moisture and heat. Keep the liquid form in the refrigerator and discard after 49 days. Keep it out of children’s reach.
Warnings and Precautions
Who should avoid taking Valganciclovir?
People with severe kidney disease, low blood cell counts, or allergies to valganciclovir or ganciclovir should avoid this medication. It should not be used in pregnant women unless absolutely necessary due to the risk of birth defects.
Can I take Valganciclovir with other prescription drugs?
Valganciclovir can interact with medications like mycophenolate, zidovudine, and certain antibiotics, increasing the risk of low blood cell counts. Always inform your doctor about any other medications you're taking.
Can I take Valganciclovir with vitamins or supplements?
Some supplements, especially those affecting kidney function (like high-dose vitamin C or magnesium), may interfere with valganciclovir. Always inform your doctor about all supplements you take.
Can Valganciclovir be taken safely while pregnant?
No, valganciclovir is not safe during pregnancy as it can cause serious birth defects. Women should use effective contraception during treatment and for at least 30 days after stopping the medication.
Can Valganciclovir be taken safely while breastfeeding?
No, valganciclovir can pass into breast milk and may harm the baby. Breastfeeding is not recommended while taking this medication.
Is Valganciclovir safe for the elderly?
Elderly patients may need dose adjustments due to decreased kidney function. Close monitoring of kidney function and blood cell counts is necessary.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Valganciclovir?
Light to moderate exercise is generally safe, but if you experience fatigue, dizziness, or weakness, take breaks and avoid strenuous activities until you feel better.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Valganciclovir?
Alcohol can increase the risk of dizziness, nausea, and liver strain while taking valganciclovir. It's best to limit alcohol consumption or avoid it altogether.
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