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Tramadol

Pain

DRUG STATUS

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Approvals

US(FDA), UK(BNF)

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Essential Medicine

YES

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Teratogenicity

Unlisted

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Pharmaceutical Class

Opioid Agonist

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Drug Ingredient

Tramadol

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Summary

  • Tramadol is used for managing moderate to moderately severe pain in adults, especially when other pain treatments are not effective.

  • Tramadol works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin. This helps to reduce the perception of pain.

  • The usual dose for adults is 50 to 100 mg every 4 to 6 hours as needed, not exceeding 400 mg per day. Tramadol is not recommended for children under 12 years.

  • Common side effects of Tramadol include nausea, dizziness, constipation, drowsiness, and fatigue. More serious effects can include respiratory depression and seizures.

  • Tramadol should not be used by children under 12, those with severe respiratory depression, and those with a history of hypersensitivity to opioids. Alcohol and other CNS depressants should be avoided while taking this medication.

Indications and Purpose

What is Tramadol used for?

Tramadol is indicated for the management of moderate to moderately severe pain in adults, particularly when other pain treatments are inadequate.

How does Tramadol work?

Tramadol works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, which helps to reduce the perception of pain.

Is Tramadol effective?

Tramadol is effective for managing moderate to moderately severe pain. It works by binding to opioid receptors and inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, which helps reduce pain perception.

How does one know if Tramadol is working?

The benefit of Tramadol is evaluated by assessing pain relief and monitoring for side effects. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is important to ensure effective and safe use.

Directions for Use

What is the usual dose of Tramadol?

For adults, the usual dose of Tramadol is 50 to 100 mg every 4 to 6 hours as needed, not exceeding 400 mg per day. Tramadol is contraindicated for children under 12 years and for post-operative management in children under 18 years following tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy.

How do I take Tramadol?

Tramadol can be taken with or without food. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants while taking this medication.

For how long do I take Tramadol?

Tramadol is typically used for short-term pain management. The duration of use should be as short as possible, and it should be discontinued once the pain can be managed by other means.

How long does it take for Tramadol to start working?

Tramadol typically begins to relieve pain within one hour of administration, with peak effects occurring in about two to three hours.

How should I store Tramadol?

Store Tramadol at room temperature, away from light and moisture. Keep it out of reach of children and pets, and dispose of it properly when no longer needed.

Warnings and Precautions

Who should avoid taking Tramadol?

Tramadol is contraindicated in children under 12, those with severe respiratory depression, and those with a history of hypersensitivity to opioids. It should not be used with alcohol or other CNS depressants.

Can I take Tramadol with other prescription drugs?

Tramadol can interact with CNS depressants, MAO inhibitors, and drugs affecting serotonin levels, increasing the risk of respiratory depression, serotonin syndrome, and seizures.

Can I take Tramadol with vitamins or supplements?

There are no well-documented interactions between Tramadol and vitamins or supplements. However, always inform your healthcare provider about all supplements you are taking.

Can Tramadol be taken safely while pregnant?

Tramadol should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Prolonged use can lead to neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome.

Can Tramadol be taken safely while breastfeeding?

Breastfeeding is not recommended while taking Tramadol due to the risk of serious adverse reactions in the infant, including respiratory depression.

Is Tramadol safe for the elderly?

Elderly patients are at higher risk for respiratory depression and other side effects. It is recommended to start at the lower end of the dosing range and monitor closely for adverse effects.

Is it safe to exercise while taking Tramadol?

Tramadol can cause dizziness, drowsiness, and fatigue, which may limit the ability to exercise safely. It is important to assess how the medication affects you before engaging in physical activities.

Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Tramadol?

Drinking alcohol while taking Tramadol can increase the risk of serious side effects, including severe drowsiness, respiratory depression, and even death. It is advised to avoid alcohol while using this medication.