Prochlorperazine

What is Prochlorperazine used for?

Prochlorperazine is commonly used to treat the following conditions:

1. Nausea and vomiting – Often related to surgery, cancer treatments (chemotherapy), or other medical conditions.
2. Schizophrenia – It helps manage symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations.
3. Anxiety – It can be used short-term to help manage anxiety symptoms.
4. Vertigo (dizziness) – Often used for balance issues related to inner ear problems.
5. Psychotic disorders – As an antipsychotic medication to manage severe mental health conditions.

It is typically prescribed for short-term symptom management or as part of a broader treatment plan.

How does Prochlorperazine work?

Prochlorperazine is an antipsychotic and antiemetic medication that works by blocking the action of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly dopamine. Dopamine is involved in regulating mood, behavior, and coordination. By inhibiting dopamine receptors, Prochlorperazine helps reduce symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and vertigo. In the treatment of psychotic disorders, this action helps manage symptoms like delusions and hallucinations. It also has sedative properties, which can aid in reducing anxiety.

Is Prochlorperazine effective?

Evidence supporting the effectiveness of Prochlorperazine comes from multiple clinical studies that show its efficacy in treating nausea, vomiting, and vertigo related to various conditions like motion sickness, chemotherapy, and dizziness. Additionally, its use in managing symptoms of schizophrenia and anxiety has been validated through randomized controlled trials, demonstrating significant improvements in psychotic symptoms and behavioral control in patients with psychiatric disorders.

How does one know if Prochlorperazine is working?

The benefit of Prochlorperazine is evaluated through clinical assessments based on the specific condition being treated. For nausea and vomiting, effectiveness is assessed by tracking symptom relief, frequency of vomiting, and overall patient comfort. For psychotic disorders, benefits are measured by observing reductions in symptoms like delusions and hallucinations, as well as improvements in overall functioning and behavior, typically through psychiatric evaluation and standardized rating scales.

What is the usual dose of Prochlorperazine?

For adults, the usual dose of prochlorperazine is:

• Oral: 5-10 mg taken 3 to 4 times daily, with a maximum of 40 mg per day.
• Rectal: 25 mg twice daily for severe nausea and vomiting.

For children, dosing varies by weight:

• Under 2 years or <20 lbs: Not recommended.
• 20-29 lbs: 2.5 mg once or twice daily, max 7.5 mg/day.
• 30-39 lbs: 2.5 mg 2-3 times daily, max 10 mg/day.
• 40-85 lbs: 2.5 mg 3 times daily or 5 mg twice daily, max 15 mg/day

How do I take Prochlorperazine?

Prochlorperazine can be taken with or without food. There are no specific food restrictions for most people using this medication. However, taking it with food may help reduce potential stomach upset. If you experience drowsiness, it may be helpful to take it at bedtime. Avoid alcohol, as it can enhance drowsiness and other side effects. Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions for proper use and dosage.

For how long do I take Prochlorperazine?

For long-term treatment, it's important to use the lowest dose that works for the shortest time possible. Check in with your doctor regularly to see if you can lower your dose or stop taking your medication. Older people may need lower doses because they're more sensitive to side effects.

How long does it take for Prochlorperazine to start working?

Prochlorperazine usually starts working within 30 to 60 minutes after oral administration, particularly for nausea and vomiting. The full effects may take a few hours to develop. For other conditions, such as anxiety or agitation, it may take longer to notice improvements, depending on the dosage and individual response.

How should I store Prochlorperazine?

Keep the medicine at room temperature between 68°F and 77°F (20°C to 25°C). Short-term storage is allowed between 59°F to 86°F (15°C to 30°C).

Who should avoid taking Prochlorperazine?

Important warnings for Prochlorperazine include the risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (movement disorders), tardive dyskinesia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), which can be life-threatening. It should be used cautiously in people with a history of seizures, liver disease, or heart problems. Contraindications include hypersensitivity to the drug and conditions like severe CNS depression or coma.

Can I take Prochlorperazine with other prescription drugs?

Prochlorperazine may interact with several prescription drugs, including:

1. Central Nervous System Depressants: Combining with sedatives, alcohol, or benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam) can enhance drowsiness or sedation.
2. Antidepressants: Concurrent use with SSRIs or SNRIs may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome.
3. Antihypertensive Medications: It may enhance the blood pressure-lowering effects of medications like ACE inhibitors or beta-blockers.
4. Anticholinergics: Increased risk of anticholinergic side effects (e.g., dry mouth, blurred vision).

Can I take Prochlorperazine with vitamins or supplements?

There are no significant interactions between Prochlorperazine and most vitamins or supplements. However, taking it with supplements that can cause sedation (e.g., melatonin or valerian root) may increase drowsiness. It’s advisable to consult a healthcare provider before taking any supplements while on Prochlorperazine, especially those affecting the central nervous system.

Can Prochlorperazine be taken safely while pregnant?

Prochlorperazine is classified as a Category C drug during pregnancy by the FDA, meaning that there is no adequate, well-controlled study in pregnant women. Animal studies have shown adverse effects on the fetus, but the potential risks to humans are not fully known. It should be used only if the potential benefits outweigh the risks, especially in the first trimester. Always consult a healthcare provider before use during pregnancy.

Can Prochlorperazine be taken safely while breastfeeding?

Prochlorperazine is excreted in breast milk, and its use during breastfeeding is generally not recommended unless absolutely necessary. It can potentially cause sedation, extrapyramidal symptoms, or other side effects in the infant. If the medication is required, a healthcare provider may suggest temporary discontinuation of breastfeeding or closely monitor the infant for any adverse effects. Always consult with a doctor before using this medication while breastfeeding.

Is Prochlorperazine safe for the elderly?

When prescribing prochlorperazine to elderly patients, several recommendations and warnings should be considered:

• Lower Dosage: Begin with a lower dose due to increased sensitivity to side effects, particularly hypotension and sedation.
• Risk of Mortality: There is an increased risk of death in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotics, including prochlorperazine. This medication is not approved for this population.
• Monitoring: Regularly monitor for adverse effects such as extrapyramidal symptoms and changes in renal, hepatic, or cardiac function.
• Caution with Comorbidities: Adjust doses carefully in patients with multiple health issues or those on other medications affecting blood pressure.

Is it safe to exercise while taking Prochlorperazine?

Exercise is safe but avoid strenuous activities if feeling dizzy or tired. Always stay hydrated and exercise with caution.

Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Prochlorperazine?

No, alcohol increases sedation and dizziness when combined with Prochlorperazine. Avoid drinking while on this medication.