Phenytoin

What is Phenytoin used for?

• Seizure control in epilepsy, including tonic-clonic (grand mal) and partial seizures.
• Prevention of seizures following neurosurgery or traumatic brain injury

How does Phenytoin work?

Phenytoin stabilizes the electrical activity in the brain by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels, which helps reduce abnormal brain activity that causes seizures.

Is Phenytoin effective?

Yes, Phenytoin is effective in preventing seizures for many people with epilepsy. Regular monitoring of blood levels is important to maintain effectiveness.

How does one know if Phenytoin is working?

• Fewer or no seizures.
• A healthcare provider may monitor phenytoin blood levels to ensure the drug is working effectively and safely.

What is the usual dose of Phenytoin?

• Adults: Typical maintenance dose is 300 mg daily, divided into one or three doses. This may be adjusted based on blood levels and individual response.
• Children: Dose is usually based on body weight and determined by a healthcare provider.

How do I take Phenytoin?

• Take Phenytoin exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
• Swallow the capsules or tablets whole with a glass of water.
• If prescribed the liquid form, measure the dose carefully with a marked measuring device.
• Take it at the same time each day, with or without food.

For how long do I take Phenytoin?

Phenytoin is often taken long-term, as stopping it suddenly can increase the risk of seizures. Always consult your doctor before discontinuing.

How long does it take for Phenytoin to start working?

Phenytoin may take a few days to achieve effective blood levels and fully control seizures. Immediate effects may vary depending on the individual.

How should I store Phenytoin?

Keep the medicine in a cool place, between 68 and 77 degrees Fahrenheit. Put it in a tightly closed container that blocks light. Make sure kids can't get to it.

Who should avoid taking Phenytoin?

• Individuals with allergy to Phenytoin or similar drugs.
• People with certain genetic variations (e.g., HLA-B*1502 in some Asian populations), which increase the risk of severe skin reactions.
• Those with severe liver disease or certain heart conditions (e.g., bradycardia).

Can I take Phenytoin with other prescription drugs?

• Phenytoin interacts with many medications, including:
  • Oral contraceptives (reduces effectiveness)
  • Blood thinners like warfarin
  • Other antiepileptic drugs
  • Certain antibiotics and antifungals
• Always inform your doctor about all medications you’re taking.

Can I take Phenytoin with vitamins or supplements?

• Some supplements, such as calcium, vitamin D, and folic acid, may be necessary with long-term use.
• Avoid taking calcium or antacids close to Phenytoin, as they may reduce its absorption.

Can Phenytoin be taken safely while pregnant?

Phenytoin can increase the risk of birth defects and complications. However, uncontrolled seizures are also dangerous. Consult your doctor to weigh the risks and benefits.

Can Phenytoin be taken safely while breastfeeding?

Small amounts of Phenytoin pass into breast milk, but it is generally considered safe. Monitor the baby for side effects like drowsiness or feeding issues.

Is Phenytoin safe for the elderly?

Elderly individuals may be more sensitive to Phenytoin and prone to side effects such as dizziness, unsteadiness, and liver issues. Close monitoring is necessary.

Is it safe to exercise while taking Phenytoin?

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• Yes, but avoid activities requiring precise coordination or balance if you experience dizziness or unsteadiness.

Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Phenytoin?

• Avoid alcohol, as it can lower seizure threshold and affect Phenytoin blood levels, leading to toxicity or reduced effectiveness.