Miglitol
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA)
WHO Essential Medicine
NO
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor
Controlled Drug Substance
NO
Miglitol
Summary
Miglitol is primarily used for managing type 2 diabetes. It helps control blood sugar levels, improving glycemic control and reducing the risk of diabetes-related complications. It is used as an adjunct to diet and exercise for adults.
Miglitol works by inhibiting enzymes in the small intestine that break down carbohydrates into glucose. This slows down the absorption of glucose into the bloodstream, which helps control blood sugar levels after meals.
The usual adult dose of Miglitol is 25 mg, taken orally three times daily at the start of each main meal. The dose may be increased to 50 mg or 100 mg three times daily based on effectiveness and tolerance.
The most commonly reported side effects of Miglitol are gastrointestinal, including flatulence (41.5%), diarrhea (28.7%), and abdominal pain (11.7%). These symptoms often diminish with continued use.
Miglitol is contraindicated in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis, inflammatory bowel disease, colonic ulceration, partial intestinal obstruction, and hypersensitivity to the drug. It should be used cautiously in patients with renal impairment and is not recommended for those with creatinine clearance less than 25 mL/min.
Indications and Purpose
How does Miglitol work?
Miglitol works by inhibiting enzymes in the small intestine that break down carbohydrates into glucose. This slows the absorption of glucose into the bloodstream, leading to a smaller rise in blood sugar levels after meals. It helps manage blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes.
Is Miglitol effective?
Clinical studies have shown that Miglitol effectively reduces postprandial blood glucose levels and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with type 2 diabetes. It works by delaying the digestion of carbohydrates, leading to a smaller rise in blood glucose after meals. Studies have demonstrated its efficacy both as monotherapy and in combination with sulfonylureas.
What is Miglitol?
Miglitol is used to manage type 2 diabetes by controlling blood sugar levels. It works by slowing the breakdown and absorption of carbohydrates in the small intestine, leading to a smaller rise in blood glucose after meals. This helps prevent complications associated with high blood sugar, such as heart disease and nerve damage.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Miglitol?
Miglitol is typically used as a long-term treatment for managing type 2 diabetes. The duration of use depends on the individual's response to the medication and their overall diabetes management plan. It is important to follow the healthcare provider's instructions and regularly monitor blood sugar levels to determine the ongoing need for Miglitol.
How do I take Miglitol?
Miglitol should be taken orally three times a day at the start of each main meal. It is important to follow a proper diet and exercise plan while taking Miglitol to ensure effective blood sugar control. Avoid skipping meals, as this can lead to low blood sugar levels. Consult your healthcare provider for specific dietary recommendations.
How long does it take for Miglitol to start working?
Miglitol begins to work with the first meal it is taken with, as it slows the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, leading to a smaller rise in blood glucose levels after eating. Its effects on blood sugar can be observed within a few hours of taking the medication.
How should I store Miglitol?
Miglitol should be stored in its original container, tightly closed, and kept out of reach of children. It should be stored at room temperature, away from excess heat and moisture, and not in the bathroom. Unneeded medication should be disposed of through a medicine take-back program.
What is the usual dose of Miglitol?
The usual adult dose for Miglitol is 25 mg taken orally three times a day at the start of each main meal. The dose may be increased to 50 mg or 100 mg three times daily based on the patient's response and tolerance. The maximum recommended dose is 100 mg three times daily. Safety and effectiveness in children have not been established, so it is not recommended for pediatric use.
Warnings and Precautions
Can I take Miglitol with other prescription drugs?
Miglitol may interact with certain medications, such as ranitidine and propranolol, reducing their bioavailability. It can also affect the absorption of glyburide and metformin. Patients should inform their healthcare provider of all medications they are taking to avoid potential interactions and ensure effective diabetes management.
Can Miglitol be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Miglitol is excreted in human milk to a very small degree, accounting for 0.02% of a 100 mg maternal dose. Although the levels are exceedingly low, it is recommended that Miglitol not be administered to a nursing woman. Consult a healthcare provider for personalized advice.
Can Miglitol be taken safely while pregnant?
Miglitol is categorized as Pregnancy Category B, indicating no evidence of fetal harm in animal studies, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. It should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed, and pregnant women should consult their healthcare provider for personalized advice.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Miglitol?
Alcohol can cause a decrease in blood sugar levels, which may affect the effectiveness of Miglitol in managing blood sugar levels. It is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider about the safe use of alcohol while taking Miglitol to avoid potential interactions and ensure effective diabetes management.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Miglitol?
Miglitol does not directly limit the ability to exercise. However, it is important to monitor blood sugar levels before and after exercise, as physical activity can affect blood sugar levels. Consult with a healthcare provider to ensure safe exercise practices while managing diabetes with Miglitol.
Is Miglitol safe for the elderly?
In clinical studies, no overall differences in safety and effectiveness were observed between elderly and younger subjects. However, as with any medication, elderly patients should use Miglitol under the guidance of a healthcare provider, considering any other health conditions or medications they may be taking.
Who should avoid taking Miglitol?
Miglitol is contraindicated in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis, inflammatory bowel disease, colonic ulceration, partial intestinal obstruction, and chronic intestinal diseases. It should not be used in patients with hypersensitivity to the drug or its components. Patients with significant renal impairment should avoid Miglitol due to potential accumulation and lack of safety data.
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