Metformin
.svg)
Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
Biguanide
Controlled Drug Substance
NO
Metformin
Summary
Metformin is primarily used to manage type 2 diabetes. It can also be used to treat polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is a hormonal disorder that can cause insulin resistance.
Metformin works by reducing the amount of sugar produced by the liver and improving your body's sensitivity to insulin, which is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. It also slows down the absorption of sugar from your intestines, helping to control blood sugar levels after meals.
The usual starting dose of Metformin for adults is 500 mg once or twice daily with meals. The dose can be gradually increased, typically up to a maximum of 2000-2500 mg per day, depending on your blood glucose levels and tolerance.
The most common side effects of Metformin include gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, and bloating. More serious adverse effects, though rare, include lactic acidosis, vitamin B12 deficiency, and kidney problems.
Metformin should not be used by individuals with severe kidney impairment, as it increases the risk of lactic acidosis, a serious condition. Caution is also required for people with heart failure or other cardiovascular issues. Metformin should be temporarily discontinued before or after contrast imaging procedures to prevent kidney complications. Excessive alcohol consumption while taking Metformin also increases the risk of lactic acidosis.
Indications and Purpose
How does Metformin work?
Metformin works by reducing glucose production in the liver and improving insulin sensitivity, which helps control blood sugar levels. Think of it like adjusting the thermostat in your home. Metformin helps your body use insulin more effectively, like setting the thermostat to maintain a comfortable temperature. This medication also reduces the amount of sugar absorbed from your food and increases the body's response to insulin. These effects make Metformin helpful for people with type 2 diabetes.
Is Metformin effective?
Metformin is effective for managing type 2 diabetes. It works by lowering blood sugar levels and improving insulin sensitivity. Clinical studies show Metformin significantly improves blood sugar control, reducing HbA1c levels, which is a measure of average blood sugar over time. It also helps with weight management and may reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. These results show Metformin effectively manages blood sugar and supports overall health in people with type 2 diabetes.
What is Metformin?
Metformin is a medication used to manage type 2 diabetes. It belongs to the biguanide class of drugs and works by reducing glucose production in the liver and improving insulin sensitivity, which helps control blood sugar levels. Metformin is primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes, but it may also be used for polycystic ovary syndrome, which is a hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries with small cysts. It is often used alongside diet and exercise to improve blood sugar control.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Metformin?
Metformin is usually a long-term medication for managing ongoing health conditions like type 2 diabetes. You'll typically take Metformin every day as a lifelong treatment unless your doctor suggests otherwise. Stopping this medication without medical advice could cause your conditions to worsen. How long you'll need this medication depends on your body's response, any side effects you experience, and changes in your overall health. Always talk with your doctor before changing or stopping your Metformin treatment.
How do I dispose of Metformin?
If you can, bring unused Metformin to a drug take-back program or collection site at a pharmacy or hospital. They will dispose of this medicine properly so it doesn't harm people or the environment. If you can't find a take-back program, you can throw most medicines in the trash at home. But first, take them out of their original containers, mix them with something undesirable like used coffee grounds, seal the mixture in a plastic bag, and throw it away.
How do I take Metformin?
Take Metformin as prescribed by your doctor, usually once or twice daily with meals to reduce stomach upset. Swallow the tablet whole; do not crush or chew it. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it's almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose. Do not take two doses at once. Avoid excessive alcohol while on Metformin, as it can increase the risk of lactic acidosis, which is a rare but serious condition.
How long does it take for Metformin to start working?
Metformin begins working in your body shortly after you take it, with effects on blood sugar levels noticeable within a few days. However, it may take several weeks to achieve its full therapeutic effect. The time it takes for Metformin to work can depend on individual factors like kidney function, age, and overall health. Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels will help determine how well the medication is working for you. Take it exactly as prescribed for the best results.
How should I store Metformin?
Store Metformin at room temperature, away from moisture and light. Keep it in a tightly closed container to protect it from damage. Don't store your medicine in humid places like bathrooms, where moisture in the air could affect how well the medication works. If your pills came in packaging that isn't child-resistant, transfer them to a container that children can't easily open. Always store Metformin out of children's reach to prevent accidental swallowing. Remember to check the expiration date regularly and properly dispose of any unused or expired medication.
What is the usual dose of Metformin?
The usual starting dose of Metformin for adults is 500 mg taken once or twice daily with meals. Your doctor may gradually increase your dose to improve blood sugar control, with a maximum recommended dose of 2,000 to 2,500 mg per day, depending on the formulation. Dose adjustments may be needed for elderly patients or those with kidney problems. Always follow your doctor's specific dosing instructions for your personal health needs.
Warnings and Precautions
Can I take Metformin with other prescription drugs?
Metformin can interact with certain medications, increasing the risk of adverse effects. For example, combining Metformin with other diabetes medications can increase the risk of low blood sugar, which is called hypoglycemia. Some medications, like diuretics, can affect kidney function, increasing the risk of lactic acidosis, which is a dangerous buildup of acid in the blood. Always inform your doctor about all medications you are taking to avoid potential interactions and ensure safe and effective treatment.
Can Metformin be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Metformin is generally considered safe to use while breastfeeding. It passes into breast milk in small amounts, but studies have not shown harm to breastfed infants. However, always consult your doctor before taking Metformin while breastfeeding. They can help determine the best treatment plan for you and your baby, ensuring both your health and your baby's well-being.
Can Metformin be taken safely while pregnant?
Metformin is generally considered safe during pregnancy, especially for managing gestational diabetes, which is diabetes that develops during pregnancy. It helps control blood sugar levels, reducing the risk of complications for both mother and baby. However, always consult your doctor before taking Metformin during pregnancy. They can help create a pregnancy-specific treatment plan that protects both you and your baby.
Does Metformin have adverse effects?
Adverse effects are unwanted reactions that can occur with medication use. Common adverse effects of Metformin include gastrointestinal issues like nausea, diarrhea, and stomach upset, affecting up to 10% of users. A rare but serious adverse effect is lactic acidosis, which requires immediate medical attention. If you experience severe or persistent side effects, contact your doctor. They can help determine if Metformin is the cause and adjust your treatment if necessary.
Does Metformin have any safety warnings?
Yes, Metformin has important safety warnings. It can increase the risk of lactic acidosis, which is a rare but serious condition where lactic acid builds up in the blood. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, and difficulty breathing. If you experience these, seek emergency help. Metformin can also affect kidney function, so regular monitoring is important. Always follow your doctor's advice and report any new symptoms while taking Metformin.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Metformin?
It's best to avoid excessive alcohol while taking Metformin. Drinking alcohol can increase your risk of lactic acidosis, which is a dangerous buildup of acids in your blood. This serious condition requires emergency medical treatment. Alcohol can also cause low blood sugar, especially if you skip meals. If you do choose to drink occasionally, limit how much alcohol you consume and watch for warning signs like nausea, vomiting, or trouble breathing. Talk with your doctor about alcohol use while taking Metformin to get personalized advice based on your specific health situation.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Metformin?
You can exercise while taking Metformin, but keep a few things in mind. Metformin can lower your blood sugar, which is called hypoglycemia, particularly if you take insulin or certain other diabetes medications. Low blood sugar might make you feel weak during workouts. To exercise safely, drink plenty of water before, during, and after physical activity. Watch for signs of dizziness, unusual fatigue, or low blood sugar. If you notice these symptoms, slow down or stop exercising and rest. Most people can maintain their regular exercise routine while taking Metformin, but check with your doctor if you have concerns about your specific situation.
Is it safe to stop Metformin?
Stopping Metformin suddenly can cause your blood sugar levels to rise quickly, which can worsen your diabetes. Metformin is usually used long-term for managing type 2 diabetes. Always talk with your doctor before stopping Metformin. They might suggest gradually reducing your dose or switching to a different medication to keep your condition under control. Your doctor will help you make any medication changes safely to protect your health.
Is Metformin addictive?
Metformin is not addictive or habit-forming. This medication doesn't cause dependency or withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking it. Metformin works by helping control blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. It doesn't affect brain chemistry in ways that could lead to addiction. You won't experience cravings for this medication or feel compelled to take more than prescribed. If you have concerns about medication dependence, you can feel confident that Metformin doesn't carry this risk while managing your health condition.
Is Metformin safe for the elderly?
Metformin is generally safe for the elderly, but they are more vulnerable to safety risks due to age-related changes in kidney function. Regular monitoring of kidney function is important, as Metformin can increase the risk of lactic acidosis, which is a dangerous buildup of acid in the blood. Elderly patients may also be more sensitive to gastrointestinal side effects. Always consult your doctor for personalized advice when using Metformin in older adults.
What are the most common side effects of Metformin?
Side effects are unwanted reactions that can happen when taking a medication. With Metformin, common side effects include stomach upset, nausea, diarrhea, and a metallic taste in the mouth. These effects are usually mild and may improve as your body adjusts to the medication. If you notice new symptoms after starting Metformin, they might be temporary or unrelated to the medication. Talk with your doctor before stopping any medication.
Who should avoid taking Metformin?
Metformin should not be used in people with severe kidney problems, as it can increase the risk of lactic acidosis, which is a dangerous buildup of acid in the blood. It's also contraindicated in people with severe liver disease or a history of lactic acidosis. Caution is needed in those with heart failure or dehydration, which means the body doesn't have enough fluids. Always consult your doctor about these concerns before starting Metformin.
Forms / Brands
