Acyclovir
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections ... show more
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DRUG STATUS
Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
Essential Medicine
NO
Teratogenicity
Unlisted
Pharmaceutical Class
Herpes Simplex Virus Nucleoside Analog DNA Polymerase Inhibitor, Herpes Zoster Virus Nucleoside Analog DNA Polymerase Inhibitor, Herpesvirus Nucleoside Analog DNA Polymerase Inhibitor
Acyclovir
Know More About This Medicine -
Click HereSummary
Acyclovir is used to treat infections caused by herpes viruses, including cold sores, genital herpes, shingles, and chickenpox.
Acyclovir works by inhibiting the replication of the virus, preventing it from spreading, and reducing the severity and duration of symptoms.
Acyclovir is available in various forms including oral tablets, topical creams, and intravenous formulations. For frequent herpes outbreaks, acyclovir pills are taken every day for 4 months to 10 years.
Common side effects of acyclovir include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, headache, and malaise. In rare cases, it can cause serious side effects such as renal failure, blood clotting problems, and central nervous system problems.
Acyclovir should not be used by people who are allergic to acyclovir or valacyclovir. It can cause severe kidney problems sometimes leading to death. Some people with weakened immune systems may develop a rare life-threatening condition called thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP/HUS).
Indications and Purpose
What is Acyclovir used for?
Acyclovir is a medication used to treat infections caused by the varicella-zoster virus, the virus that causes chickenpox and shingles. For people with weakened immune systems, acyclovir can treat varicella-zoster infections. For genital herpes, start taking acyclovir as soon as you notice symptoms. In healthy children, chickenpox is usually mild, but it can be more severe in teenagers and adults. Treatment for chickenpox should start within 24 hours of the rash appearing, and within 72 hours for shingles.
How does Acyclovir work?
Acyclovir works by targeting the herpes virus. Once it's in the body, it is taken up by infected cells where the virus is active. Acyclovir is converted into its active form and interferes with the virus's ability to replicate by blocking a key enzyme the virus needs to make copies of itself. This helps stop the spread of the infection, reduces symptoms, and speeds up healing, though it doesn't completely eliminate the virus from the body.
Is Acyclovir effective?
Studies show that acyclovir effectively reduces the duration and severity of symptoms in conditions like cold sores, genital herpes, shingles, and chickenpox. It helps speed healing, reduces pain, and lowers the risk of outbreaks and transmission of the herpes virus.
How does one know if Acyclovir is working?
You can tell if acyclovir is working by noticing a reduction in symptoms such as pain, swelling, and redness, as well as faster healing of sores or blisters. For conditions like cold sores or genital herpes, you may also experience fewer outbreaks or less severe symptoms. If you don't see improvement or if symptoms worsen, it's important to contact your healthcare provider.
Directions for Use
How do I take Acyclovir?
Acyclovir capsules and tablets can be taken with or without food. There are no specific restrictions on what you can eat while taking these medications.
For how long do I take Acyclovir?
For people who have had 6 or more outbreaks of cold sores each year, daily acyclovir pills can help prevent future outbreaks. The pills are taken for 4 months to 10 years. In one study, people took 400 mg of acyclovir twice a day for 3 years. For a shingles outbreak on a small area of the skin, treatment typically lasts 7-10 days.
How long does it take for Acyclovir to start working?
Acyclovir typically starts working within a few hours to a day after you begin taking it. However, you may not notice significant improvement right away. For conditions like cold sores or genital herpes, you might see a reduction in symptoms, such as pain or swelling, within 1-2 days of starting treatment. For the best results, it's important to start acyclovir as soon as you notice symptoms or a flare-up.
How should I store Acyclovir?
Acyclovir should be stored at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Keep it in a tightly closed container and out of reach of children. For oral forms, avoid storing it in bathrooms or areas with high humidity. Always follow the storage instructions on the medication label
Warnings and Precautions
Who should avoid taking Acyclovir?
**Acyclovir should not be used by people who:** * Are allergic to acyclovir or valacyclovir **Serious side effects can occur, including:** * Kidney failure, which can be fatal * Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP/HUS), which can also be fatal and usually occurs in people with weakened immune systems **Important precautions:** * People with kidney problems may need to adjust their dosage * Use caution when taking acyclovir with other medications that can harm the kidneys * Stay well-hydrated while taking acyclovir
Can I take Acyclovir with other prescription drugs?
Acyclovir can interact with other prescription medications, particularly those that affect kidney function, such as probenecid, which may increase acyclovir levels in the body. It is essential to consult a healthcare provider before combining acyclovir with other drugs to avoid potential complications
Can I take Acyclovir with vitamins or supplements?
Yes, you can generally take acyclovir with vitamins or supplements. There are no major interactions between acyclovir and common vitamins or supplements. However, it's a good idea to consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist to ensure there are no specific interactions with any supplements you're taking, especially if you have underlying health conditions or take other medications.
Can Acyclovir be taken safely while pregnant?
Acyclovir is classified as a Category B drug during pregnancy, meaning it has not shown harm to unborn babies in animal studies, but there is limited data in pregnant humans. It is generally considered safe when prescribed by a doctor, but it should be used only if necessary and as directed by your healthcare provider
Can Acyclovir be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Acyclovir is generally considered safe to take while breastfeeding. It passes into breast milk in small amounts, but it's unlikely to harm a nursing infant. However, you should still consult your healthcare provider before taking any medication while breastfeeding.
Is Acyclovir safe for the elderly?
Acyclovir can be safely used by elderly individuals, but they may be more susceptible to side effects, particularly kidney-related issues. Dosage adjustments may be necessary for older adults, especially if they have kidney problems. It's important to use it under the guidance of a healthcare provider.
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