Phenobarbital
Partial Epilepsies, Tonic-Clonic Epilepsy ... show more
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
No
Pharmaceutical Class
NA
Controlled Drug Substance
YES
Phenobarbital
Summary
Phenobarbital is used to treat seizures, which are sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain. It also helps with anxiety, which is a feeling of worry or fear, and acts as a sedative, which is a substance that promotes calm or induces sleep.
Phenobarbital works by slowing down brain activity. It enhances the action of GABA, which is a chemical messenger that calms nerve activity. This helps control seizures and reduce anxiety, making it effective for conditions like epilepsy, which is a disorder causing seizures.
The usual starting dose for adults is 30 to 120 mg per day, taken in divided doses. It can be taken once or twice daily, depending on your doctor's instructions. The maximum recommended dose is 400 mg per day. Always follow your doctor's specific dosing instructions.
Common side effects of Phenobarbital include drowsiness, which is feeling sleepy, dizziness, which is feeling lightheaded, and nausea, which is feeling sick to your stomach. These effects vary from person to person and are usually mild.
Phenobarbital can cause drowsiness, affecting your ability to drive. It may lead to dependence, which is a physical need for the drug. Do not use it if you have porphyria, which is a disorder affecting the skin or nervous system, or severe respiratory problems.
Indications and Purpose
How does Phenobarbital work?
Phenobarbital works by slowing down brain activity. It belongs to a class of drugs called barbiturates, which enhance the action of a neurotransmitter called GABA. GABA, which is a chemical messenger in the brain, helps calm nerve activity. Think of it like turning down the volume on a loud radio. By reducing excessive brain activity, Phenobarbital helps control seizures and calm anxiety. This makes it effective for treating conditions like epilepsy, which is a disorder that causes seizures, and anxiety disorders.
Is Phenobarbital effective?
Yes, Phenobarbital is effective for treating seizures, which are sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain. It is also used for anxiety and as a sedative. Phenobarbital works by slowing down brain activity, which helps control seizures and calm anxiety. Clinical studies and long-term use have shown its effectiveness in managing these conditions. However, its effectiveness can vary based on individual health factors. Always follow your doctor's instructions and attend regular check-ups to ensure Phenobarbital is working effectively for your condition.
What is Phenobarbital?
Phenobarbital is a medication used to treat seizures, which are sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain. It belongs to the barbiturate class of drugs, which work by slowing down brain activity. This helps control seizures and calm anxiety. Phenobarbital is also used as a sedative to help with sleep. It can be used alone or with other therapies, depending on the condition being treated. Always follow your doctor's instructions when taking Phenobarbital to ensure safe and effective treatment.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Phenobarbital?
Phenobarbital is usually a long-term medication for managing conditions like epilepsy, which is a disorder that causes seizures. You'll typically take Phenobarbital every day as a lifelong treatment unless your doctor suggests otherwise. The same applies when it's prescribed for anxiety or as a sedative. Stopping this medication without medical advice could cause your conditions to worsen. How long you'll need this medication depends on your body's response, any side effects you experience, and changes in your overall health. Always talk with your doctor before changing or stopping your Phenobarbital treatment.
How do I dispose of Phenobarbital?
To dispose of Phenobarbital, take it to a drug take-back program or collection site at a pharmacy or hospital. They will dispose of it properly to prevent harm to people or the environment. If you can't find a take-back program, you can throw it in the trash at home. First, mix it with something undesirable like used coffee grounds, seal the mixture in a plastic bag, and throw it away. This helps prevent accidental ingestion by children or pets.
How do I take Phenobarbital?
Take Phenobarbital exactly as prescribed by your doctor. It's usually taken once or twice daily, with or without food. Swallow the tablet whole; do not crush or chew it. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it's almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue your regular schedule. Do not take two doses at once. Avoid alcohol while taking Phenobarbital, as it can increase side effects. Always follow your doctor's specific instructions regarding diet and fluid intake while on this medication.
How long does it take for Phenobarbital to start working?
Phenobarbital begins working in your body shortly after you take it, reaching its highest levels in your blood within a few hours. The medication starts helping control seizures or anxiety soon after. However, you may not notice all the benefits right away. For seizure control, it may take a few weeks to see significant improvement. How quickly the medication works can depend on your individual health factors. Take it exactly as prescribed for the best results. Always talk with your doctor if you have concerns about how Phenobarbital is working for you.
How should I store Phenobarbital?
Store Phenobarbital at room temperature, away from moisture and light. Keep it in a tightly closed container to protect it from damage. Do not store it in humid places like bathrooms, where moisture in the air could affect how well the medication works. Always store Phenobarbital out of children's reach to prevent accidental swallowing. Remember to check the expiration date regularly and properly dispose of any unused or expired medication. If you have questions about storage, ask your pharmacist or doctor.
What is the usual dose of Phenobarbital?
The usual starting dose of Phenobarbital for adults is 30 to 120 mg per day, taken in divided doses. The frequency of administration can be once or twice daily, depending on your doctor's instructions. Dose adjustments may be necessary based on your response and any side effects. The maximum recommended dose is typically 400 mg per day. For children and the elderly, dose adjustments are often required, and careful monitoring is essential. Always follow your doctor's specific dosing instructions for your personal health needs.
Warnings and Precautions
Can I take Phenobarbital with other prescription drugs?
Phenobarbital has several concerning drug interactions. It can interact with other central nervous system depressants, like benzodiazepines, increasing the risk of drowsiness and respiratory depression, which is slow or shallow breathing. It can also reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, increasing the risk of unintended pregnancy. Phenobarbital may interact with anticoagulants, affecting blood clotting. Always inform your doctor about all medications you take to avoid harmful interactions. Your doctor can help manage your medications safely while using Phenobarbital.
Can Phenobarbital be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Phenobarbital is excreted into breast milk and can affect a breastfed infant. It may cause drowsiness or sedation in the baby. The decision to use Phenobarbital while breastfeeding should be made with your doctor, considering the benefits and potential risks. If you need to take Phenobarbital, your doctor may suggest monitoring your baby for any side effects. Always discuss your options with your healthcare provider to ensure the safety of both you and your baby while breastfeeding.
Can Phenobarbital be taken safely while pregnant?
Phenobarbital is not recommended during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary. It can harm an unborn baby, potentially causing birth defects or withdrawal symptoms in the newborn. The decision to use Phenobarbital during pregnancy should be made with your doctor, weighing the benefits against the risks. If you're pregnant or planning to become pregnant, talk with your doctor about the safest way to manage your condition. They can help create a treatment plan that protects both you and your baby.
Does Phenobarbital have adverse effects?
Yes, Phenobarbital can have adverse effects, which are unwanted reactions to the medication. Common adverse effects include drowsiness, dizziness, and nausea. These effects vary in frequency and severity. Serious side effects can include respiratory depression, which is slow or shallow breathing, and allergic reactions like rash or swelling. If you experience severe side effects, seek medical attention immediately. Always inform your doctor about any new or worsening symptoms while taking Phenobarbital. They can help determine if the medication is the cause and adjust your treatment if necessary.
Does Phenobarbital have any safety warnings?
Yes, Phenobarbital has important safety warnings. It can cause drowsiness, which may impair your ability to drive or operate machinery. It may also lead to dependence if used long-term. Abruptly stopping Phenobarbital can cause withdrawal symptoms, including seizures. It's crucial to follow your doctor's instructions and not stop the medication suddenly. Phenobarbital can interact with other medications, so inform your doctor about all drugs you take. Not adhering to these warnings can lead to serious health risks, including increased seizure activity and withdrawal symptoms.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Phenobarbital?
No, it's best to avoid alcohol while taking Phenobarbital. Alcohol can increase the sedative effects of Phenobarbital, leading to excessive drowsiness or dizziness. It can also increase the risk of respiratory depression, which is slow or shallow breathing. Drinking alcohol with Phenobarbital can be dangerous and should be avoided. If you have questions about alcohol use while taking Phenobarbital, talk with your doctor. They can provide personalized advice based on your specific health situation.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Phenobarbital?
Yes, you can exercise while taking Phenobarbital, but be cautious. This medication can cause drowsiness or dizziness, which might affect your balance and coordination during physical activity. To exercise safely, start with light activities and see how your body responds. Avoid strenuous activities or high-impact sports until you know how Phenobarbital affects you. If you feel dizzy or unusually tired, stop exercising and rest. Always talk with your doctor if you have concerns about exercising while on this medication.
Is it safe to stop Phenobarbital?
No, it's not safe to stop Phenobarbital suddenly. This medication is often used long-term for conditions like epilepsy, which is a disorder that causes seizures. Stopping it abruptly can lead to withdrawal symptoms, including seizures, anxiety, and tremors. Always talk with your doctor before stopping Phenobarbital. They might suggest gradually reducing your dose to prevent withdrawal symptoms. Your doctor will help you make any medication changes safely to protect your health. Never stop taking Phenobarbital without medical advice.
Is Phenobarbital addictive?
Yes, Phenobarbital can be addictive. It has the potential to cause physical dependence, especially with long-term use. Dependence means your body gets used to the drug, and stopping it suddenly can lead to withdrawal symptoms like anxiety, tremors, or seizures. To prevent dependence, follow your doctor's instructions carefully and do not take more than prescribed. If you have concerns about addiction, talk to your doctor. They can help manage your medication safely and may suggest a gradual reduction in dose if you need to stop taking Phenobarbital.
Is Phenobarbital safe for the elderly?
Phenobarbital can be used by the elderly, but they are more vulnerable to its side effects. Older adults may experience increased drowsiness, dizziness, or confusion, which can lead to falls. They may also have slower drug metabolism, increasing the risk of side effects. It's important for elderly patients to be closely monitored by their doctor while taking Phenobarbital. Dose adjustments may be necessary to ensure safety and effectiveness. Always discuss any concerns with your healthcare provider.
What are the most common side effects of Phenobarbital?
Side effects are unwanted reactions that can happen when taking a medication. Common side effects of Phenobarbital include drowsiness, dizziness, and nausea. These effects vary from person to person. Drowsiness is the most common, affecting many people who take this medication. If you notice new symptoms after starting Phenobarbital, they might be temporary or unrelated to the medication. Talk with your doctor before stopping any medication. They can help determine if the side effects are related to Phenobarbital and suggest ways to manage them.
Who should avoid taking Phenobarbital?
Phenobarbital has important contraindications. Do not use it if you have a history of porphyria, which is a group of disorders affecting the skin or nervous system, or if you have severe respiratory problems. These are absolute contraindications due to severe risks. Relative contraindications include liver disease and alcohol use disorder, where caution is needed, and the drug may be used only if benefits outweigh risks. Always consult your doctor about your medical history before starting Phenobarbital to ensure it's safe for you.
