Efavirenz
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Non-Nucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
Controlled Drug Substance
NO
Efavirenz
Summary
Efavirenz is used to treat HIV infection in adults and children. It helps reduce the virus' ability to multiply, slowing down the progression of the disease and improving immune function when combined with other antiretroviral medications.
Efavirenz works by blocking an enzyme that HIV needs to multiply. This lowers the amount of virus in the blood and improves immune function, reducing the risk of AIDS-related complications.
For adults, the usual dose of Efavirenz is 600 mg once daily, taken at bedtime. For children, the dose depends on their body weight. It's taken orally, usually in combination with other antiretroviral drugs.
Common side effects of Efavirenz include dizziness, insomnia, vivid dreams, headache, and rash. Serious side effects can include liver problems, severe depression, or hallucinations.
People with severe liver disease, severe psychiatric conditions, or those allergic to Efavirenz should avoid it. Pregnant women should consult their doctor before use due to possible birth defects. It's also important to note that Efavirenz can interact with many drugs and supplements, so you should inform your doctor about all medications you take.
Indications and Purpose
How does Efavirenz work?
It blocks HIV’s reverse transcriptase enzyme, preventing the virus from making copies of itself. This slows the progression of HIV and helps maintain immune function.
Is Efavirenz effective?
Yes, studies show Efavirenz significantly reduces viral load and increases CD4 cell count when taken consistently with other antiretroviral drugs. It is a key component in many HIV treatment regimens.
What is Efavirenz?
Efavirenz is an antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV infection. It belongs to the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) class and works by blocking the enzyme that HIV needs to multiply. It helps lower the viral load in the blood and improves immune function, reducing the risk of AIDS-related complications.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Efavirenz?
Efavirenz is a long-term treatment for HIV. It must be taken consistently as prescribed, usually for life, to keep the virus under control and prevent drug resistance.
How do I take Efavirenz?
Take it on an empty stomach, preferably at bedtime, to reduce side effects like dizziness. Swallow the tablet whole with water. Avoid high-fat meals before taking it, as they can increase drug levels and worsen side effects.
How long does it take for Efavirenz to start working?
It starts reducing the HIV viral load within a few days, but noticeable improvements in immune function may take several weeks to months. Regular blood tests monitor its effectiveness.
How should I store Efavirenz?
Store efavirenz at room temperature between 68° to 77°F (20° to 25°C). Keep it in its original container and seal the container tightly after use. Remember to keep it out of the reach of children and pets.
What is the usual dose of Efavirenz?
For adults, the usual dose is 600 mg once daily, taken at bedtime. In children, the dose depends on body weight. It is often used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs for effective HIV treatment.
Warnings and Precautions
Can Efavirenz be taken safely while breastfeeding?
HIV-positive mothers are generally advised not to breastfeed to prevent HIV transmission, regardless of Efavirenz use.
Can Efavirenz be taken safely while pregnant?
Efavirenz may cause birth defects, especially in the first trimester. Pregnant women should discuss alternative treatments with their doctor before using it.
Can I take Efavirenz with other prescription drugs?
Efavirenz interacts with many drugs, including some antidepressants, antifungals, and seizure medications. Inform your doctor about all medications you take.
Is Efavirenz safe for the elderly?
Yes, but elderly patients should be monitored for liver function and potential drug interactions.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Efavirenz?
Alcohol can worsen side effects like dizziness, confusion, and liver problems. It is best to limit or avoid alcohol while taking Efavirenz.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Efavirenz?
Yes, but avoid activities requiring balance or coordination if you experience dizziness or drowsiness. Drink plenty of water and listen to your body.
Who should avoid taking Efavirenz?
People with severe liver disease, severe psychiatric conditions, or those allergic to Efavirenz should avoid it. Pregnant women should consult their doctor before use due to possible birth defects.
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