Codeine
Pain, Cough
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
EU(EMA), US(FDA)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
Opioid Agonist
Controlled Drug Substance
No
Codeine
Summary
Codeine is used to treat mild to moderate pain and to suppress coughing. It helps by changing how the brain and nervous system respond to pain and reducing activity in the brain's cough center.
Codeine works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain, which are part of the central nervous system. This action changes how the brain perceives pain and suppresses the cough reflex.
The usual starting dose for adults is 15 to 60 mg every 4 to 6 hours as needed for pain, with a maximum of 360 mg per day. It can be taken with or without food.
Common side effects of Codeine include drowsiness, constipation, and nausea. These effects can vary in severity and frequency among individuals.
Codeine can cause serious breathing problems and is habit-forming. It should not be used with alcohol or other sedatives. It's contraindicated in people with respiratory depression or allergies to Codeine.
Indications and Purpose
How does Codeine work?
Codeine works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain, which are part of the central nervous system. This action changes the way your brain perceives pain, providing relief. Think of it like turning down the volume on a loudspeaker, making the pain less noticeable. Codeine also suppresses the cough reflex by acting on the brain's cough center. These effects make Codeine effective for pain relief and cough suppression.
Is Codeine effective?
Yes, Codeine is effective for pain relief. It works by changing the way your brain and nervous system respond to pain. Clinical studies support its effectiveness for mild to moderate pain. However, its effectiveness can vary based on individual health conditions and the type of pain being treated. Always use Codeine as prescribed by your doctor to ensure the best outcomes for your specific situation.
What is Codeine?
Codeine is an opioid medication used to treat mild to moderate pain. It works by changing the way your brain and nervous system respond to pain. Codeine is also used to reduce coughing, as it decreases the activity in the part of the brain that causes coughing. It's often used in combination with other medications, like acetaminophen, to enhance its pain-relieving effects. Always use Codeine as prescribed by your doctor.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Codeine?
Codeine is usually used for short-term treatment of acute pain or symptoms. The duration of use depends on your specific condition and response to the medication. Your doctor will determine how long you should take Codeine based on your health needs. It's important to follow your doctor's instructions and not use Codeine for longer than prescribed to avoid dependence or other complications.
How do I dispose of Codeine?
To dispose of Codeine, take it to a drug take-back program or collection site at a pharmacy or hospital. This ensures safe disposal without harming people or the environment. If no take-back program is available, mix Codeine with an undesirable substance like used coffee grounds, seal it in a plastic bag, and throw it in the trash. Always keep medications out of reach of children and pets.
How do I take Codeine?
Take Codeine exactly as prescribed by your doctor. It's usually taken every 4 to 6 hours as needed for pain. You can take it with or without food. If you have trouble swallowing, ask your doctor if it can be crushed. Avoid alcohol while taking Codeine, as it can increase drowsiness. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, but skip it if it's almost time for your next dose. Never take two doses at once. Always follow your doctor's specific instructions.
How long does it take for Codeine to start working?
Codeine starts working within 30 to 60 minutes after taking it. The full therapeutic effect is usually achieved within 1 to 2 hours. Factors like your metabolism, age, and overall health can affect how quickly Codeine works. Always take Codeine exactly as prescribed for the best results. If you don't experience pain relief within the expected time, talk with your doctor. They can adjust your treatment to better manage your pain.
How should I store Codeine?
Store Codeine at room temperature, away from moisture and light. Keep it in a tightly closed container to protect it from damage. Avoid storing it in humid places like bathrooms, as moisture can affect its effectiveness. Always keep Codeine out of reach of children and pets to prevent accidental ingestion. Check the expiration date regularly and properly dispose of any unused or expired medication.
What is the usual dose of Codeine?
The usual starting dose of Codeine for adults is 15 to 60 mg every 4 to 6 hours as needed for pain. The maximum recommended dose is 360 mg per day. Dose adjustments may be necessary for children or the elderly, who may require lower doses. Always follow your doctor's specific dosing instructions, as they will tailor the dose to your personal health needs and response to the medication.
Warnings and Precautions
Can Codeine be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Codeine is not recommended while breastfeeding. It can pass into breast milk and may cause serious side effects in the breastfed infant, such as excessive sleepiness or difficulty breathing. The effects on milk supply are not well-documented. If you're breastfeeding and need pain relief, talk with your doctor about safer alternatives. They can help you choose a medication that allows you to nurse safely.
Can Codeine be taken safely while pregnant?
Codeine is not recommended during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary. Limited evidence exists on its safety, but it may cause harm to the unborn baby, including withdrawal symptoms after birth. If you're pregnant or planning to become pregnant, talk with your doctor about the safest options for managing pain. They can help create a treatment plan that protects both you and your baby.
Can I take Codeine with other prescription drugs?
Codeine has several concerning drug interactions. Combining it with other central nervous system depressants, like benzodiazepines or alcohol, can increase the risk of severe drowsiness, respiratory depression, and overdose. Interactions with certain antidepressants can lead to serotonin syndrome, which is a potentially life-threatening condition. Always inform your doctor about all medications you're taking to avoid harmful interactions and ensure safe use of Codeine.
Does Codeine have adverse effects?
Adverse effects are unwanted reactions to a medication. Common adverse effects of Codeine include drowsiness, constipation, and nausea. These effects vary in frequency and severity. Serious side effects include difficulty breathing and allergic reactions, which require immediate medical attention. If you experience adverse effects, contact your doctor. They may adjust your dose or suggest ways to manage the side effects.
Does Codeine have any safety warnings?
Yes, Codeine has important safety warnings. It can cause serious breathing problems, especially in children and the elderly. Codeine can also be habit-forming, leading to misuse or addiction. Taking it with alcohol or other sedatives can increase the risk of severe side effects. Not adhering to these warnings can result in life-threatening conditions. Always follow your doctor's instructions and report any unusual symptoms immediately.
Is Codeine addictive?
Yes, Codeine is addictive and has habit-forming potential. It works by affecting brain chemistry, which can lead to physical and psychological dependence. Warning signs of dependence include cravings, taking more than prescribed, and withdrawal symptoms when not taking it. To prevent dependence, use Codeine only as prescribed and for the shortest time necessary. If you have concerns about addiction, discuss them with your doctor.
Is Codeine safe for the elderly?
The elderly are more vulnerable to Codeine's safety risks due to slower metabolism and increased sensitivity to its effects. Codeine can cause confusion, dizziness, and constipation, which are more common in older adults. These side effects can lead to falls or other complications. If you're elderly and prescribed Codeine, your doctor may start with a lower dose and monitor you closely to ensure safety.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Codeine?
No, it's best to avoid alcohol while taking Codeine. Alcohol can increase the sedative effects of Codeine, leading to increased drowsiness and risk of overdose. It can also cause respiratory depression, which is a severe breathing problem. If you choose to drink, limit your alcohol intake and watch for warning signs like extreme drowsiness or difficulty breathing. Always talk with your doctor about alcohol use while taking Codeine.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Codeine?
Exercise with caution while taking Codeine. It can cause drowsiness and dizziness, which may affect your ability to exercise safely. During physical activity, you might feel lightheaded or unsteady. To exercise safely, avoid strenuous activities and stay hydrated. If you notice dizziness or unusual fatigue, stop exercising and rest. Talk with your doctor if you have concerns about exercising while taking Codeine.
Is it safe to stop Codeine?
No, it's not safe to stop Codeine suddenly if you've been taking it regularly for a long time. Doing so can cause withdrawal symptoms like restlessness, irritability, and trouble sleeping. Codeine is usually used for short-term pain relief. If you need to stop, your doctor may suggest gradually reducing your dose to avoid withdrawal. Always talk with your doctor before stopping Codeine to ensure a safe discontinuation plan.
What are the most common side effects of Codeine?
Side effects are unwanted reactions to a medication. Common side effects of Codeine include drowsiness, constipation, and nausea. These occur in many people taking the medication. If you experience new symptoms after starting Codeine, they might be temporary or unrelated. Talk with your doctor before stopping the medication. They can help determine if the side effects are related to Codeine and suggest ways to manage them.
Who should avoid taking Codeine?
Absolute contraindications for Codeine include allergy to Codeine or its ingredients, and respiratory depression, which is a severe breathing problem. Relative contraindications include liver or kidney disease, and a history of substance abuse. In these cases, Codeine should only be used if the benefits outweigh the risks. Always consult your doctor about your health conditions before taking Codeine to ensure it's safe for you.
