Apremilast
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
NO
Known Teratogen
No
Pharmaceutical Class
Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor
Controlled Drug Substance
No
apremilast
Summary
Apremilast is used to treat psoriatic arthritis, which is a type of arthritis affecting some people with psoriasis, and plaque psoriasis, which is a skin condition causing red, scaly patches.
Apremilast works by inhibiting phosphodiesterase 4, which is an enzyme that increases inflammation. By reducing this enzyme's activity, Apremilast helps decrease inflammation, easing symptoms like joint pain and skin plaques.
Apremilast is usually taken orally as a tablet, with a typical starting dose of 10 mg once daily, increasing to 30 mg twice daily. It should be taken as prescribed by a doctor, with or without food.
Common side effects of Apremilast include diarrhea, which is frequent loose or watery stools, nausea, which is a feeling of sickness with an inclination to vomit, and headaches, which are pains in the head.
Apremilast should not be used by individuals allergic to it or its ingredients. It's not recommended for those with severe kidney problems. Caution is advised for people with a history of depression or suicidal thoughts.
Indications and Purpose
How does Apremilast work?
Apremilast works by inhibiting an enzyme called phosphodiesterase 4, which reduces inflammation in the body. Think of it like turning down the volume on an inflammatory response. This helps decrease symptoms like joint pain and skin plaques in conditions like psoriatic arthritis and plaque psoriasis.
Is Apremilast effective?
Apremilast is effective for treating psoriatic arthritis and plaque psoriasis. It works by reducing inflammation in the body. Clinical studies show Apremilast improves symptoms and quality of life for people with these conditions. It may take several weeks to notice significant improvements. Always follow your doctor's advice and continue regular check-ups to monitor your progress.
What is Apremilast?
Apremilast is a medication used to treat psoriatic arthritis and plaque psoriasis. It belongs to a class of drugs called phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors, which work by reducing inflammation in the body. This helps improve symptoms like joint pain and skin plaques. Apremilast is usually used when other treatments haven't worked well.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Apremilast?
Apremilast is usually a long-term medication for managing chronic conditions like psoriatic arthritis and plaque psoriasis. You'll typically take it every day as a lifelong treatment unless your doctor suggests otherwise. How long you'll need this medication depends on your body's response and any side effects you experience.
How do I dispose of Apremilast?
Dispose of unused Apremilast through a drug take-back program or collection site at a pharmacy or hospital. If unavailable, mix the medication with undesirable substances like used coffee grounds, seal it in a plastic bag, and throw it away in the trash. This helps prevent harm to people and the environment.
How do I take Apremilast?
Take Apremilast as prescribed by your doctor, usually twice daily, in the morning and evening. You can take it with or without food. Do not crush or split the tablet. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it's almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue your regular schedule. Avoid taking two doses at once.
How long does it take for Apremilast to start working?
Apremilast may start working within a few weeks, but it can take several months to achieve its full effect. The time it takes to work can vary based on individual factors like your condition and overall health. Be patient and continue taking the medication as prescribed for the best results.
How should I store Apremilast?
Store Apremilast at room temperature, away from moisture and light. Keep it in a tightly closed container. Do not store it in humid places like bathrooms. Always keep Apremilast out of children's reach to prevent accidental swallowing. Check the expiration date regularly and dispose of any unused or expired medication properly.
What is the usual dose of Apremilast?
The usual starting dose of Apremilast for adults is 10 mg once daily, which can be increased to 30 mg twice daily. Your doctor may adjust your dose based on your response and any side effects. Always follow your doctor's specific dosing instructions for your personal health needs.
Warnings and Precautions
Can Apremilast be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Apremilast is not recommended while breastfeeding due to limited safety data. It's unknown if the medication passes into human breast milk. If you're breastfeeding or planning to breastfeed, talk with your doctor about safer medication options that would allow you to nurse your baby safely.
Can Apremilast be taken safely while pregnant?
Apremilast is not recommended during pregnancy due to limited safety data. Animal studies suggest potential risks, but human data is lacking. If you're pregnant or planning to become pregnant, talk with your doctor about the safest treatment options for your condition.
Can I take Apremilast with other prescription drugs?
Apremilast may interact with drugs that affect the liver enzyme CYP3A4, such as rifampin, which can reduce its effectiveness. Always inform your doctor about all medications you take to avoid interactions. Your doctor can adjust your treatment plan to ensure safety and effectiveness.
Does Apremilast have adverse effects?
Adverse effects are unwanted reactions to a medication. Common adverse effects of Apremilast include diarrhea, nausea, and headaches. These occur in more than 10% of users. Serious side effects like depression or weight loss are less common. If you notice any new or worsening symptoms, contact your doctor. They can help determine if these are related to Apremilast and suggest appropriate actions.
Does Apremilast have any safety warnings?
Yes, Apremilast has safety warnings. It can cause weight loss, depression, and suicidal thoughts. If you experience mood changes or significant weight loss, contact your doctor. Apremilast may also cause diarrhea, nausea, and headaches. Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated. Always follow your doctor's advice and report any new or worsening symptoms.
Is Apremilast addictive?
Apremilast is not addictive or habit-forming. It doesn't cause dependency or withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking it. Apremilast works by affecting certain pathways in the body to reduce inflammation, not by affecting brain chemistry in ways that could lead to addiction. You won't experience cravings for this medication or feel compelled to take more than prescribed.
Is Apremilast safe for the elderly?
Elderly individuals may be more vulnerable to side effects of Apremilast, such as diarrhea and weight loss. These side effects can lead to dehydration and malnutrition. Close monitoring by a healthcare provider is recommended to ensure safe use. Always consult your doctor before starting Apremilast.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Apremilast?
It's best to avoid alcohol while taking Apremilast. Alcohol can increase the risk of side effects like nausea and dizziness. If you choose to drink, limit your intake and watch for any warning signs. Talk with your doctor about alcohol use while taking Apremilast for personalized advice.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Apremilast?
You can exercise while taking Apremilast, but be aware of potential side effects like dizziness or fatigue. These might affect your exercise capacity. To exercise safely, drink plenty of water and watch for signs of dizziness or unusual fatigue. If you notice these symptoms, slow down or stop exercising and rest.
Is it safe to stop Apremilast?
It's important to talk with your doctor before stopping Apremilast. Stopping suddenly may cause your symptoms to return or worsen. Your doctor might suggest gradually reducing your dose or switching to a different medication to keep your condition under control. They will help you make any medication changes safely to protect your health.
What are the most common side effects of Apremilast?
Side effects are unwanted reactions to a medication. Common side effects of Apremilast include diarrhea, nausea, and headaches, affecting more than 10% of users. These symptoms may be temporary or unrelated to the medication. If you notice new symptoms after starting Apremilast, talk with your doctor before stopping the medication.
Who should avoid taking Apremilast?
Do not take Apremilast if you're allergic to it or its ingredients. It's not recommended for people with severe kidney problems. Caution is needed if you have a history of depression or suicidal thoughts. Always consult your doctor about these concerns before starting Apremilast.
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